第二章需求曲线和供给曲线概述概念.ppt

第二章 需求、供给和均衡价格 第一节 微观经济学的特点 一、微观经济学的研究对象 个体经济单位  二、微观经济学的一个基本的假定条件 “合乎理性的人”的假设 ——每一个从事经济活动的人都是利己的。 每一个从事经济活动的人所采取的经济行为都是力图以自己最小的代价去获得自己最大的经济利益。 Every individual . . .neither intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it. . . . He intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promotean end which was no part of his intention. Nor is it always the worse for the society that it was no part of it. By pursuing his own interest