微生物与高等真核生物基因组分析.pptxVIP

原始排列 Alpha AACAAC Beta AACCCC Gamma ACCAAC Delta CCACCA Epsilon CCAAAC;微生物与高等真核生物基因组分析;Integrated Microbial Genomes Microbiomes(IMG/M) system is to support the annotation, analysis and distribution of microbial genome and microbiome datasets sequenced at DOEs Joint Genome Institute (JGI).;原核微生物基因组的大小 基因组织结构 基因组的编码序列(CDS/ORF) 染色体结构 GC 含量 GC 使用偏好 密码子使用偏好 重复序列 DNA链组成的非对称性;Prokaryotic microbes with relative smaller genome size;生殖支原体(Mycoplasma genitalium);species;species;;Gene distribution on the chromosome;ggtBCD glucosylglycerol transport ;乳糖操纵子的结构：1个调节（阻遏）基因----1个启动子----1个操纵基因----1组结构基因（Z、Y、A）； 调节基因：编码阻遏蛋白，和操纵基因结合使后者受阻遏而关闭； 启动子：与RNA聚合酶结合，具-35区（TTGACA）和-10区（TATAAT） 结构基因：β-半乳糖苷酶、乳糖通透酶、 β-半乳糖苷乙酰转移酶。; 原核生物（嗜高温菌）基因组的内含子;The structure genes in Prokaryotes are usually single copy, whereas rRNA and tRNA genes are multi-copies. The structure genes in Prokaryotes are usually non-overlapped with each other. ;The chromosomal structure of Prokaryote;Definition: GC-content (or guanine-cytosine content) is the percentage of nitrogenous bases on a DNA molecule that are either guanine or cytosine (from a possibility of four different ones, also including adenine and thymine). GC content is usually expressed as a percentage value, but sometimes as a ratio (called G+C ratio or GC-ratio). GC-content percentage is calculated as：;Organism;Organism;The nucleotide composition between leading and lagging strand;腾冲嗜热厌氧菌的复制起点。以10kb大小(非重叠)窗口，从基因组序列的第一位开始，计算基因组序列的GC skew [(G-C)/(G+C)](上部水平波浪形实线)，累计GC skew(V形实线)，累计基因方向性分布(V形虚线)，显示在复制叉两侧，绝大多数基因的转录方向相同。下部表示8核苷酸(TTTTTCTT，共1423拷贝)序列在基因组双链DNA上的非对称分布。;Codon Usage Bias in Prokaryotes;Short Repetitive Sequences Tandem repeats (TRs) occur in DNA when a pattern of one or more nucleotides is repeated and the repetitions are directly adjacent to each other. For example, ATTCGATTCGATTCG.;Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are segments of prokaryotic DNA containing short repetitions of base sequences. Each