解读齐美尔的现代性社会理论.pdfVIP

The third part is an introduction to life styles, brought by mone tary economy, of modern urban. As money has became common denominator of all values today, life styles has become objective either. The styles provide a broad space for development for rationalism and individual’s freedom. However, they bring about a lot of disadvantages, such as interpersonal indifference, individual experience of emptiness and feelings of alienation of life. The fourth part introduces the ideas of Simmel’s modernity crisis and his ways to salve the crisis. In Simmel’s view, the crisis of modernity is a new expression of conflict between life and form. This crisis is reflected in philosophy, religion, art and other aspects. To establish individuality religion is a great way to solve the crisis. It can change the inner state of mind, and it is no longer as the external form of religion but as an individuals internal operations. The conclusion is a summary about Simmel’s modernity theory. It’s mainly about its contemporary survival value. By those, we can understand and learn more about his modernity theory. Key words: modernity; Simmel; cultural tragedy; city life style; self-salvation IV ： 导论 导论 （一）齐美尔印象 盖奥尔格·齐美尔 （Georg Simmel，1858—1918）是德国古典社会学家的杰 出代表之一，他与马克斯 ·韦伯和埃米尔·迪尔凯姆一起，在19世纪末和20世 纪初，使西方现代社会学成为了一门独立的学科。作为资本主义理论的“三大经 典思想家”之一，他是与韦伯、马克思齐名的。这些头衔足以说明齐美尔在社会 学学科发展史上的地位。 齐美尔出生于柏林市中心的一个犹太富商家庭，他的父母关系疏远，家庭生 活虽然富有，却并不幸福。中学毕业后，齐美尔进入柏林大学学习历史，但他的 兴趣很快就转向了哲学。1881年，齐美尔以一篇研究康德哲学的论文从柏林大 学获得博士学位，并以自由职业者的身份任教于柏林大学。在当时，很多有 影响力的学者都与齐美尔有密切的往来，如里尔克、胡塞尔、李凯尔特、莱 普修斯夫妇和马克斯 ·韦伯夫妇等，他们对齐美尔的思想都赞许有加。但是齐美 尔的身份在很长时间内都只是编外讲师，直到1914年他56 岁的时候，才在斯特 拉斯堡大学获得教授席位，但是由于一战的爆