菲律宾蛤仔三品系间的杂交.pdfVIP

菲律宾蛤仔三品系间的杂交 通过研究双列杂交子一代不同壳色蛤仔的表型性状，并对其相同壳色自交后 代子二代的生长速度、抗逆性等表型性状进行了比较。综合比较两道红、白蛤、 斑马蛤、两道红白蛤、两道红斑马及白斑马 6 个品系的生长速度。可发现这 6 个品系的受精卵、D 形幼虫、浮游幼虫大小无显著差异（P ＞0.05 ）。到了稚贝 培育期，各品系间的生长速度差异表现出来，并且随着个体的生长，差异越来越 显著。在稚贝阶段，可发现各个壳色品系的生长速度差异与子一代完全一致。几 种壳色子二代的生长速度由大到小排列为白斑马（W×Z ）＞两道红白蛤（R×W ） ＞两道红斑马（R×Z ）＞白蛤（WW ）＞两道红（RR ）＞斑马蛤（ZZ ）。实验 证明杂交组的后代仍然具有杂种优势，这说明生长优势是能够稳定遗传的。对以 上各壳色子二代的存活率比较可发现，从浮游幼虫期到幼虫变态期，两道红品系 的幼虫存活率和变态率最低，显著低于其它各组 （P ＜0.05 ）。白蛤、斑马蛤、 两道红白蛤、两道红斑马及白斑马品系的幼虫变态率间无显著差异（P ＞0.05 ）。 稚贝阶段，可发现各个壳色品系的存活率差异与子一代完全一致。几种壳色子二 代的存活率由高到低排列为白斑马（W×Z ）＞两道红斑马（R×Z ）＞两道红白蛤 （R×W ）＞斑马蛤（ZZ ）＞白蛤（WW ）＞两道红（RR ）。实验证明杂交组的 后代仍然具有杂种优势。这说明存活优势是能够稳定遗传的。综合比较各品系的 受精率、孵化率、变态时间和变态规格，可发现6 种壳色子二代间并无显著差异 （P ＞0.05 ）。 关键词：菲律宾蛤仔蛤仔；壳色；表型性状；双列杂交；杂种优势 Key words: Ruditapes philippinarum ; strain; shell color; diallel cross; heterosis II 菲律宾蛤仔三品系间的杂交 Abstract The experimental study on the phenotypic character of different shell color of Ruditapes philippinarum was studied. we developed diallel crossing between Twoband red strain, White strain and Zebra strain of Ruditapes philippinarum . The heterosis of the filial generation were investigated. The main results are as follows: 1. Determination of phenotypic character of Twoband red strain, White strain, Zebra strain and Fuscous strain. Through the study of phenotypic character of four different strains, Their phenotypic character such as shell color 、growth rate and survival rate were compared. Result showed shell color was not shown when the shell length of juvenile clam is less than 3mm. There shell color has fully manifested during youth period. Results showed that the inbred progenies of Twoband red strains are Twoband red strains; the inbred progenies of White strains are White strai