核酸代谢201228 30整理ppt.ppt

Nitrogenous Bases Planar, aromatic, and heterocyclic Derived from purine or pyrimidine Structure of Nucleotide Bases Sugars D-Ribose and 2’-Deoxyribose Nucleosides Phosphate Groups Mono-, di- or triphosphates Phosphates can be bonded to either C3 or C5 atoms of the sugar Nucleotides Result from linking one or more phosphates with a nucleoside onto the 5’ end of the molecule through esterification Nucleotides DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides Both deoxy- and ribonucleotides contain Adenine, Guanine and Cytosine Ribonucleotides contain Uracil Deoxyribonucleotides contain Thymine Naming Conventions Nucleosides: Purine nucleosides end in “-sine” Adenosine, Guanosine Pyrimidine nucleosides end in “-dine” Thymidine, Cytidine, Uridine Nucleotides: Start with the nucleoside name from above and add “mono-”, “di-”, or “triphosphate” Adenosine Monophosphate, Cytidine Triphosphate, Deoxythymidine Diphosphate 核苷酸的功能 核苷酸是核酸生物合成的前体 核苷酸衍生物是许多生物合成的活性中间物，例如：UDP-葡萄糖和CDP-二酯酰甘油分别是糖原和磷酸甘油酯合成的中间物 ATP是生物能量代谢中通用的高能化合物 腺苷酸是三种重要辅酶的组分 某些核苷酸是代谢的调节物质。如：cAMP和cGMP是许多激素引起的胞内信使 一、核酸和核苷酸的分解代谢 核 酸 酶 外切核酸酶对核酸的水解位点 限制性内切酶 限制性内切酶的命名和意义 二. 核苷酸的降解 嘌呤碱的分解首先是在各种脱氨酶的作用下水解脱去氨基。 脱氨反应也可以在核苷或核苷酸的水平上进行，在动物组织中腺嘌呤脱氨酶的含量极少，而腺嘌呤核苷脱氨酶和腺嘌呤核苷酸脱氨酶的活性极高。 嘌呤碱基的脱氨 嘌呤的分解代谢 尿酸的进一步分解 A CASE STUDY : GOUT A 45-year-old man awoke from sleep with a painful and swollen right great toe. On the previous night he had eaten a meal of fried liver and onions, after which he met with his poker group and drank a number of beers. He saw his doctor that morning, “gouty arthritis” was diagnosed, and some tests were ordered. His serum uric acid level was elevated at 8.0 mg/L (NL7.0 mg/L) The man recalled that his father and his grandfather, both of whom were alcoholics, often complained of joint pain and swelling in their feet. A CASE STUDY : GOUT The doctor recommended that the man use NSAIDs for pain and swelling, increase his fluid intake (but not with alcohol) and rest and elevate his