商照Ground Lesson 16.pptx

Ground Lesson No. 16;The empennage consists of a vertical stabilizer and a horizontal tail surface (or stabilator). The stabilator is an all‐moveable slab‐type with an anti‐servo trim tab mounted on the trailing edge. Both the rudder and stabilator incorporate anti‐servo trim tabs, which provide longitudinal stability and trim. The ailerons are frise‐type with some differential characteristics.;Frise Type Ailerons When the yoke is moved the aileron that is being raised pivots on an offset hinge. This projects the leading edge of the aileron into the airflow and creates parasite drag. The drag helps equalize the drag created by the lowered aileron on the opposite wing and reduces adverse yaw. The frise‐type aileron also forms a slot so air flows smoothly over the lowered aileron, making it more effective at high angles of attack.;Differential Ailerons With differential ailerons, the aileron that is raised will travel upward a greater distance than the aileron that is lowered. This produces an increase in drag on the descending wing, the wing with the upward aileron. The greater drag results from the larger deflection of the aileron which results in parasite drag. In the Piper Seminole the ailerons deflect upward 23° (±2°) and downward 17° (±2°). The flight controls use a system of gears, chains, cables, pulleys, bellcranks, pushrods, and counterweights.;Aerodynamic Controls and Trim Systems;Diagram of the Aileron Controls;The stabilator and rudder move in a similar manner as the ailerons with gears, chains, cables, pulleys, bell cranks, pushrods, and counterweights. The stabilator and rudder trim is anti‐servo, meaning that the trim tab will move in same direction as the control surface when it is deflected. The trim is controlled by cables, pulleys, pushrods and trim screws that will move the trim tab. Both the rudder and the stabilator trim work in a similar manner.;;;The effects of the anti‐servo trim tab will: 1. Increase the angle of attack on the contr