第6讲词语翻译(三)词的增补、重复与省略研讨.ppt

Lecture 6　词语翻译（二） 1.增词法(amplification) 2.重复法(repetition) 3.省略法(omission) 4.正反,反正表达法(Negation) 6.1词的增补 玄奘 严复　《天演论》译例言“在原文词理本深，难于共喻，则当前后引补，以显其意” 词语增补实际上是将原文中的“内隐成分”表达出来，这些“内隐成分”有语义上的、语气修辞上的、语言结构上的以及文化背景上的。 （一）语义增补 1) Science demands of men great efforts and complete devotion. 人们要掌握科学，必须作出巨大的努力并对之怀有无限的热爱。 2) Society’s first concern will remain major crime, but a foretaste of the seriousness of incivility is suggested by what has been happening in Houston. 社会首先关注的当然还是重大的罪行，但是下述休斯顿市的情况预示：如果不讲文明，将会产生何种严重的后果。 （二）语气修辞上的增补 1) We think we have freed our slaves, but we have not; when people reach a certain status in life they seem to take pride in the fact that they now have a secretary. 我们自以为奴隶已经解放了，实际上并没有。我们只不过用一种不同的名字称呼他们罢了。每当人们上升到一定的地位，他们似乎就以有了一名秘书而自豪。 In this mood, I went to diplomatic circles, earnest but only sketchily informed. 我就是怀着这种心情进入外交界的，满腔热情，但是知识却肤浅得很。 （三）语言结构上的增补 1) The restless merchants were laying the basis for the coming world order of capitalism. Holland and England were taking the lead industrially. 那些不停活动的商人给那即将到来的世界资本主义秩序打下基础。当时荷兰和英国在产业方面正占着领导地位。 2) It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity,… 这是一个隆盛之世，但也是一个衰微之世；这是一个智慧的时代，但也是一个愚蠢的时代；这是一个有信念的新纪元，但也是一个充满怀疑的新纪元；…… 3) You got a prejudice all right—against a race that’s black. That’s why I called you white racist that night. But when you deal with a black person, I don’t feel any bad vibes. 你这个人确有偏见。你对整个黑人种族抱着偏见。那天晚上，我说你是个白人种族主义者，道理就在这里。但是当你跟一个具体的黑人打交道时，我倒不觉得你有什么恶意。 4）Yes, I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days, sort of the fashion. 不错， 我喜欢中国菜。现在许多人喜欢中国菜。这种情况算是有点赶时髦吧。 四）增加反映背景情况的词语。 In April, there was the “ping” heard around the world. In July, the ping “ponged”. 增词法 1. In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué. 　　晚上在参加宴会,出席音乐会,观看乒乓球表演之后，他还得起草最后公报． 2. There were no speeches,