胃肠肝胆消化系统_培训课件.pptVIP

* The liver is the largest gland in the body functions include formation of bile bile salts have a number of important actions: a. combine with lipids to form micelles ? hydrotropic effect b. with monoglycerides and phospholipids ? emulsify fats c. activate lipases in the SI in the absence of bile salts, ~ 25% of ingested fat appears in the feces, and there is severe malabsorption of the fat soluble vitamins * Lecithin Bilirubin: an end product of hemoglobin * vitamin A,D,E,K: lipid substances describe actually gallstones Amphipathic detergent hydrophobic hydrophilic * Gastrin: stimulate secretion of bile and contraction of gallbladder portal * * * * crypt * Dilution dilute * Liver - secretion Gallbladder-storage concentration Duodenum-digestion emulsification Ileum - absorption of bile acids The enterohepatic circulation Portal vein Common bile duct * Up to 95% of the cholesterol-based bile salts are “recycled” by reabsorption along the intestine. Inhibition of reabsorption results in synthesis of new bile acids and lowering of cholesterol levels. Increasing dietary fiber could trap a greater percentage of the bile in the fibrous feces. * Regulation of Bile Release Acidic, fatty chyme causes the duodenum to release: Cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin into the bloodstream Bile salts and secretin transported in blood stimulate the liver to produce bile Vagal stimulation causes weak contractions of the gallbladder Cholecystokinin causes: The gallbladder to contract The sphincter of Oddi to relax * X Small Intestine secretion * Composition and function Digestive enzymes not secreted from small intestine - from pancreas or found on enterocytes except enterokinase secreted from duodenal mucosa Mucus/alkali secretions - mucosal protection Aqueous secretions Function Lubricate and protect intestinal surface (Ig A) Dilute digestive products Digest specific food substances (enzymes in enterocytes: peptidase, sucrase,