第一二讲：Itroduction_to_translation.pptVIP

Course Description Requirements; Questions for discussion;An Overview on Translation;Contents ;What’s translation?;Eugene A. Nida;Alexander Fraser Tytler:;Peter Newmark;Scope of Translation;Translation - with time and access to resources such as dictionaries - There is a very high standard of accuracy for translation Interpretation usually takes place on the spot with the clients present deals with utterances (although the source language may be a text). ;Major Waves of Translation in China;我国翻译起源;佛经翻译家;佛经翻译家;2）明末清初：西方科技翻译;3）清朝后期: 西方哲学、文学翻译;严复：;4）五四时期;Translation Theory Translation Techniques;Criteria of Translation ;鲁迅：翻译：一当然力求其易解,一则保存原作的丰姿。反对牛头不对马嘴，提出“宁信而不顺”之原则。 林语堂的“忠实、通顺、美” 梁实秋的“宁错务顺” 瞿秋白的“信顺统一” 许渊冲的“音美、形美、意美（三美）” 刘重德: 信达贴 ( Faithfulness, expressiveness, closeness) 罗新璋:案本-求信-神似-化境? ;Criteria of Translation ; 十八世纪末的英国学者亚历山大·泰特勒(Alexander Fraser Tytler, 1747-1814)。他在《论翻译的原则》(Essay on the Principles of Translation)一书中提出了著名的翻译三原则： （1）译文应完全复写出原作的思想（A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.） （2）译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同(The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original.) （3）译文应和原作同样流畅 (A translation should have all the ease of the original composition.）;美国翻译理论家Eugene A. Nida：;SL emphasis;Try to avoid: ;逐字逐句翻译;The Translation Process;Process of Translation;(2) 理解Understanding: At this stage, we should bear in mind all the participants involved in the translating process. 1) Contextual analysis -- Suddenly the line went limp. “I’m going back,” said Kurth. “ We must have a break somewhere. Wait for me, I’ll be back in five minutes.” 2) Logical analysis -- The old man informed us that his wife had thirteen children, one in every month of the year and one over besides. ;(3) 表达Expressing: a) To express the content and in the meantime keep the original form mainly including structure arrangement, image, figure of speech, etc. Hitler was armed to the teeth when he launched the