有效的项目管理--持续性过程改进.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Basic Tool: Fishbone Diagram – Root Cause Template PROBLEM STATEMENT REASON #1 REASON #2 REASON #3 WHY WHY WHY WHY CAUSE #1 CAUSE #2 CAUSE #3 CAUSE #5 CAUSE #6 CAUSE #8 CAUSE #7 REASON #4 CAUSE #4 WHY Figure 15-09 Ch15: Establishing Managing a CPIP Basic Tool: Control Charts Figure 15-10 Ch15: Establishing Managing a CPIP C C C C C C S S S S S S C S under budget ahead of schedule over budget behind schedule 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 1.2 1.4 1.6 Project Week 8 7 6 5 4 9 3 2 1 UCL LCL Basic Tool: Flowcharting Haircut needed? No Yes B Car ready? No Yes Drive Walk Barber ready? No Yes 3 people waiting? Yes B Wait Haircut B No Start Stop Figure 15-11 Ch15: Establishing Managing a CPIP Decide on the process to flowchart Define the beginning and ending events of the process Describe the beginning event in an oval Keep asking “What happens next?” and writing each of the subsequent steps in rectangles below the oval When a decision step is reached, write a yes/no question in a diamond and develop each path (make sure that each decision path re-enters the process or is pursued to its logical conclusion) Describe the ending event in an oval Basic Tool: Flowchart Steps to Create a Flowchart: Ch15: Establishing Managing a CPIP Figure 15-12 Basic Tool: Histograms Ch15: Establishing Managing a CPIP Collect data on reasons for the failure or anomaly Group the data into similar cause groups Count the number of data items in each group Plot the histogram from highest to lowest frequency Tackle the causes with the highest frequency first Basic Tool: Pareto Analysis Steps in the Pareto Analysis: Ch15: Establishing Managing a CPIP We have 15 causes for failure (A – O). Which cause do we address first? Pareto = the 80/20 rule Gather the frequencies, sort, and chart Basic Tool: Pareto Analysis Cause # Failures 35 250 15 8 36 25 15 14 350 150 7 5 18 30 42 ID 1000 Late arrival Missing par