【2017年整理】1汉与英翻译基础文化.ppt

;2.1 文化的定义;Excellence of taste in the fine arts and humanities, also known as high culture； ;2.1 文化的定义; 语言与文化密不可分，文化的差异可以通过语言反映出来。 一、自然条件的差异 汉语文化中，“东风”即“春天的风”，英国预示春天气息的却是西风。东风在中国文学作品中频繁出现，如：“东风夜放花千树”、“等闲识得东风面，万紫千红总是春”等。而东风在英国呢？例如： ;; 再如，英国是一个岛国，渔业和航海业发达，看以下词语：; 二、习俗的差异 汉英习俗的差异是多方面的。如对狗的态度：狗在汉语文化中是一种卑微的动物，与狗相关得表达一般含有贬义，如： 走狗 running dogs 狗腿子 pawn; henchman 狗仗人势 like a dog threatening people on the strength of its master‘s power -- be a bully under the protection of a powerful person; A dog bites on the strength of his master’s position ; 狗眼看人低 act like a snob 狼心狗肺 be as cruel as a wolf; cruel and unscrupulous; brutal and cold-blooded; completely without conscience 英语文化中人们则欣赏狗的勇敢和忠诚，如“a lucky dog(幸运儿)”、“Love me, love my dog(爱屋及乌)”、“Every dog has his day(凡人皆有得意日)”等。 ;;;;;2.2 中英思维方式对比; 实例： 顺其自然 Let nature take its course in accordance with its natural tendency 听其自然 leave the matter as it is; take the world as it is 听天安命 accept the situation 听天由命 be at the mercy of nature; be left to God’s mercy; let fate have its way; submit the will of Heaven; wait for one’s fate ; 2.2.2 中国人重整体（integrity）、重综合性(synthetic)思维;英美人重个体(individuality）、重分析性(analytic)思维 它收敛了它的花纹、图案，隐藏了它的粉墨、彩色，逸出了繁华的花丛、停止了它翱翔的姿态，变成了一张憔悴的，干枯了的，甚至不是枯黄的，而是枯槁的，如同死灰颜色的枯叶。 （徐迟---- 枯叶蝴蝶） When it gathers its wings full of exquisite patterns, it conceals its beautiful colors. When it flutters out from a cluster of blooming flowers and alights somewhere in the middle of its graceful flight, it turns into a dried leaf, not even of a withering yellow, but of a deathly grey. ;; 2.2.3 中国人重直觉（intuition）、重形象思维(figurative thinking);英美人重实证(evidence）、重逻辑思维(logical thinking) 中国人的形象思维体现在用具体形象的词语比喻抽象的事物，以物表感、状物言志。 如： 明枪易躲，暗箭难防 It is easy to dodge a spear thrust in the open, but difficult to guard against an arr