生理学杨莉神经系统功能(二)_培训课件.ppt

* * 动物研究表明: 蛋白质合成增加，新突触形成 生物学意义 儿童神经系统(特别是脑)的发育; 学习记忆有关; 精力恢复与情绪稳定. * * 主动过程： CNS某些脑区发动，上行抑制系统发动 ㈢ 睡眠发生机制 ? 参与的神经递质： 5-HT（SWS，FWS）、NA（FWS） Ach、GABA * * NREM NREM REM / W REM / W 觉醒： 皮层 - ACh 蓝斑 /中缝核 (+) (+) NE, 5-HT REM ：皮层 - ACh 蓝斑 /中缝核 (-) (-) NE, 5-HT 感觉输入 NREM NREM 皮层- GABA 丘脑 睡眠所涉及的 神经递质 * * 1、脑干诱发睡眠区（Sleep-inducing area) 中缝核 (raphe nuclei) 孤束核 (Nucleus of solitary tract) 兰斑 (Locus coeruleus) 2、视交叉上核（SCN)作为昼夜节律的生物钟 3、睡眠过程受中枢单胺类递质和Ach的控制 4、肽类物质参与对睡眠—觉醒节律的调节 * * 与睡眠发生有关的中枢结构 * * 猫脑干横切引起睡眠时相变化 脑桥尾侧 巨细胞核 蓝斑 脑桥嘴侧 A和B处横切: 嘴侧→醒/NREM 尾侧→REM C处横切: 嘴侧→均存在 尾侧→无REM * * * * 睡眠引起肌肉松驰机制 * Computer analysis is now used to simplify this recognition process. The most common approach uses Fourier analysis which decomposes the complex EEG waveform into a series of sine waves of different frequencies. This process is analogous to the spectral decomposition of white light into the spectral rainbow by a prism. * Rhythmic patterns of the EEG signify the degree of cortical neuronal activity and provide an objective method for quantifying the vigilance state. During active wakefulness, each cortical column acts independently, resulting in an arhythmic or desynchroniced EEG having low amplitude and high mean frequency. Gradually decreasing cortical activity and vigilance result in progrressive incrrease in rhythmicity. During deep sleep or moderate surgical anesthesia, the EEG is characterized by very high amplitude waves of low mean frequency. Excessive depression eventually leads to a partial or complete cessation of EEG activity. * Computer analysis is now used to simplify this recognition process. The most common approach uses Fourier analysis which decomposes the complex EEG waveform into a series of sine waves of different frequencies. This process is analogous to the spectral decomposition of white light into the spectral rainbow by a prism. * * EEG记录电极分布示意图 * * * * Computer-Processed EEGFourier Spectral Analysis EEG Spectrum Light Lens Prism Analyzer