【2017年整理】材控与专业英语3.Principles_of_plastic_forming.ppt

;;Hot plastic forming;Hot plastic forming;Hot plastic forming;Hot plastic forming;Hot plastic forming;Physical metallurgy of hot working;Recovery, Recrystallization and grain growth;3.1 Physical metallurgy of hot working;3.1 Physical metallurgy of hot working;The structural changes taking place within the material result in an increasing dislocation density with strain until in austenitic steels and nickel-and copper-base alloys a critical strain （εc）is reached when the stored energy is sufficiently high to cause dynamic recrystallization.;3.1 Physical metallurgy of hot working;这些动态的结构变化使金属处于不稳定状态，并提供变形后发生静态回复和静态再结晶的驱动力，如果温度足够高，静态再结晶之后还会发生晶粒长大。;3.1 Physical metallurgy of hot working;The answers determine the structure of the material entering the next and subsequent passes and hence influence the flow stress of the material and the working forces required. Eventually they determine the structure and properties of the hot worked products.;;During the deformation of austenite at hot-working temperatures and constant strain rate, the characteristic form of stress-strain curve observed is illistrated in Fig 3.1. ;Fig 3.1 Equivalent stress/equivalent tensile strain curves obtained From torsion tests on low-alloy steels (AISI 1540) of initial grain size 110μm;These curves are for low-alloy steels, tested in torsion, but are similar to those obtained for other steels in the austenitic condition tested in torsion, tension, or compression. ;小部分再结晶发生之后，产生流动应力的峰值，峰值处的应变εp 总是大于动态再结晶εc的临界应变。;但是，α的建议值并不一样（动词），可能是0.83, 0.86或者0.67。从图3.1中可以看出，随着 Zener Hollomon 参数Z增加（不依赖于关系式中应变率和温度的组合），εp 系统地增加。;Where the activation energy Qdef for this alloy steel is 314 kJ/mol. A similar value of 312 kJ/mol is appropriate for a range of C-Mn steels. But lower values of 270 and 286 kJ/mol have also been observed. ;εc表示亚晶粒的微观结构变化，亚晶粒不发达，由加工硬化和动态再结晶产生。亚晶粒还包括再结晶形核，根据变形后静态结构的变化可知，亚晶粒也是一种临界应变。 ;低合金钢和一些碳-锰钢的εp和εc 与Z的关系如图3.2所示。从图3.2中可以看出，尽管Sakui 等在Z=3 ×1010/s时（Qdef=312 kcal/mol ）