《战国策》讽谏语的语用策略初探.pdf

中文摘要 语言是反映社会的，同时，社会的政治文化环境又制约语言的表现形式。战 国时代是中国历史上政治形式最复杂、战争最频繁、价值观最多元的时代，相应 地，也是策士谋臣们最活跃的时代，讽谏语也因此成为这个时代最引人注目的语 言现象。刘向的《战国策》一书，以文字的形式记载了策士的谋略及语言，内容 横跨整个战国时代 250 多年的历史。而且，书中所记载的事件大都有历史事实依 据，这为语用分析提供了极好的时空框架和验证根据。因此，作为《战国策》一 书的核心——讽谏语成为本论文的研究对象。作为言语形式，策士讽谏语有时代 的特殊性，也有其存在的必然性，更有对其进行研究的必要性。本文运用语用学 领域的言语行为理论、关联理论、语用顺应理论、语用距离理论、面子威胁行为 理论、会话含意理论等理论工具对策士讽谏语语用策略进行分析和归纳。在此基 础上，将讽谏语语用策略梳理为“晓之以理”的关联推理策略、“动之以情”的语 用距离策略，“诱之以利”的语用顺应策略，“迫之以势”的面子威胁策略和“寄 以他意”的会话含意策略。并探讨了《战国策》中讽谏语的选择依据，为准确认 识和把握其语用规律提供了可能。最后，在对《战国策》讽谏语的语用策略进行 全面考查的基础上，试探性地揭示了讽谏语的“需求—赞同原则（需要—同意原 则）”。 关键词：《战国策》；讽谏语；语用策略；语境；会话含意 I Abstract Language reflects communities. Form of language is restricted by political and cultural environment of communities. The Period of Warring States is the time that has the most complicated political situation, the most frequent war, and the most pluralistic values in Chinese history. The plotters were active and the allegorical language became the striking linguistic feature in the time. LiuXiang on Stratagems of the Warring States keeps those strategies and conversations in writing. The content includes over 250 years of all The Period of Warring States and most of the recorded events have historic basis. It supplies a perfect space-time range and verifiable bases, so this paper takes the core of Stratagems of the Warring States for subject matter. First, as a form of speech, the allegorical language has the particularity of the times, the inevitability of the existence and the necessity of study. The research analyses and induces the pragmatic strategies making use of speech act theory, relevance theory, adaption theory, distance theory, face- menace theory and conversational implicative theory of the field of pragmatics. On th