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【2017年整理】高中与英语语法大全
高复合句专项
1.定语从句
一.定义:
1.定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等;
关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用:1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。二.关系代词引导的定语从句
. who指人,在从句中做主语Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,可省略。Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。. which指物,做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.. that指人时,相当于who 或者whom;指物时,相当于which。做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?. whose通常指人,也可指物,做定语I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时,常用结构来代替
The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导
注意:1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等
This is the watch which/that I am looking for.
2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose
The man with whom you talked is my friend.3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况
?1.当先行词是some (something 除外)anything, everything, nothing,/ few, little,/all, none, 等代词时,或者是由some, any, every, no, few, little,/ all, much /the very, the only,one of等修饰时
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,
注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who
Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.
2.? 当先行词被序数词修饰? The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3.? 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰This is the best film that I have seen.
4.?? 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时
Who is the man that is standing there?
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
5. 当先行词既有人,也有物时Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
6.? 在There be句型中
7. 先行词在主句中做表语,或关系代词在从句中做表语。
五.只用which,不用that的情况:
关系代词前有介词,先行词指物时只用which。This is the college in which I am studying.
引导非限制性定语从句时只用which。Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the wor
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