语言学教程13 Design Features of Language.pptVIP

Part 13 Design Features of Language By Charles Francis Hockett 1. Arbitrariness 2.Productivity 3.Duality 4.Displacement 5. Traditional Transmission 13 Design Features of Language 6. Vocal-Auditory Channel 7. Broadcast transmission and directional reception 8. Rapid Fading (transitoriness) 9. Interchangeability 10. Total Feedback 11. Specialization 12. Semanticity 13. Discreteness Vocal-Auditory Channel 语音-听觉通道 Vocal-Auditory Channel Much of human language is performed using the vocal tract and auditory channel. Hockett viewed this as an advantage for human primates because it allowed for the ability to participate in other activities while simultaneously communicating through spoken language. Broadcast transmission and directional reception 广泛传输以及定向接受 Broadcast transmission and directional reception All human language can be heard if it is within range of another person’s auditory channel. Additionally, a listener has the ability to determine the source of a sound by binaural direction finding. Rapid Fading(transitoriness) 快速衰退（短暂性） Rapid Fading (transitoriness) Wave forms of human language dissipate over time and do not persist. A hearer can only receive specific auditory information at the time it is spoken. Interchangeability 互换性 Interchangeability A person has the ability to both speak and hear the same signal. Anything that a person is able to hear, they have the ability to reproduce through spoken language. Total Feedback 全部反馈 Total Feedback A speaker has the ability to hear themselves speak. Through this, they are able to monitor their speech production and internalize what they are producing through language. Specialization 专业性 Specialization Human language sounds are specialized for communication. When dogs pant it is to cool themselves off, when humans speak it is to transmit information. Part