1班--周俊霞--翻译作业第8次作业-2011211320.docVIP

2013年11月22日课堂练习 HIV is transmitted by three main routes: sexual contact, exposure to infected body fluids or tissues, and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding (known as vertical transmission).[2] There is no risk of acquiring HIV if exposed to feces, nasal secretions, saliva, sputum, sweat, tears, urine, or vomit unless these are contaminated with blood.[27] It is possible to be co-infected by more than one strain of HIV—a condition known as HIV superinfection.[32] 艾滋病毒的传播的三种主要途径：性接触传播，接触受感染的体液或组织，以及母婴传播，在怀孕，分娩或哺乳期??（被称为垂直传播）。如果暴露粪便，鼻腔分泌物，唾液，痰，汗水，眼泪，尿液，或呕吐物，是没有感染艾滋病毒的风险，除非这些被血液污染。艾滋病毒感染可能不止一种，而是合并感染，一种被称为-----HIV二重感染----的情况。 Sexual The most frequent mode of transmission of HIV is through sexual contact with an infected person.The majority of all transmissions occur through heterosexual contacts (i.e. sexual contacts between people of the opposite sex); however, the pattern of transmission varies significantly among countries. In the United States, as of 2009, most sexual transmission occurred in men who had sex with men, with this population accounting for 64% of all new cases. 传播艾滋病病毒的最常见的方式是通过与感染者的性接触。所有的传输主要通过异性性接触（即异性之间的性接触）。但是，不同国家之间的传输的模式显著不同。在美国，截至2009年，大多数性传播发生在男性与男性的性行为，这个人数占所有新发病例的64％。 As regards unprotected heterosexual contacts, estimates of the risk of HIV transmission per sexual act appear to be four to ten times higher in low-income countries than in high-income countries. In low-income countries, the risk of female-to-male transmission is estimated as 0.38% per act, and of male-to-female transmission as 0.30% per act; the equivalent estimates for high-income countries are 0.04% per act for female-to-male transmission, and 0.08% per act for male-to-female transmission. The risk of transmission from anal intercourse is especially high, estimated as 1.4–1.7% per act in both heterosexual and homosexual contacts. 至于未受保护的异性接触，估计每次性行为传播艾滋病毒的风险似乎是低收入国家比高收入国家高四到十倍。在低收入国家中，女性对男性传播的风险估计为0.38％/每次性行为，男性对女性的传输每性行为0.30％；相比于高收入国家估计为女性对