谈谈英语中的前后照应和语境照应.docVIP

谈谈英语中的前后照应和语境照应 我要讲的照应是冠词的照应特指和代词的照应。首先，冠词的照应关系有后照应特指、前照应特指和语境特指。这三种特指属于冠词的特指里面的确定特指，也就是非常明确的指出何人何物。如下列的一段话：About this time ,a friend of Cathy’s became pregnant and,in fear and doubt,gave up her baby for adoption.Cathy shared her friend’s conflict,and was sure her decision had been right.Gradually she came to feel that her own mother ,too,had done the right thing-she had given her baby away because she loved her so much to keep her.Cathy’s new understanding brought her resentment down to forgiveness size.其中红色突出显示是前照应特指，它的照应对象在下文，更确切的说，其中a的指定作用在于名词中心词friend的后置修饰语Cathy‘s.而黄色突出显示部分是后照应特指，指代上文已经提到过的事her mother gave her away。上文中用了多个介词（加下划线部分），但比较简单，因此容易理解，同时这些代词也有着照应关系。首先，要先了解文中所提到的介词的的指代意义。Her baby以及her decision中的her指的是Cathy’s friend。She had given her baby away because she ...其中的she指的是Cathy‘s natural mother。剩下的都是指代Cathy。这里的照应关系均为前照应。指代对象先出现在上文，然后代词与之形成对应关系。而指代对象出现在下文，代词指向前方与之发生照应关系，则照应关系则为前照应，比如下文：Through her own contrition,Karen learned that she herself was weak and afraid.Her thoughtless had been a way to keep her secret demons under control.When she found the courage to reveal her needs to Mark,he became strong enough to drop his strengths to forge a far healthier relationship without illusions.其中第一句便是前照应，其余的均为后照应。 冠词的语境特指与代词的语境照应有些相似。两者都不是建立在上下文基础上，而是存在于特定场景中，这个特定场景是说话双方都是知道的。如：Show me the skirt,it is so beautiful.其中的the skirt和it都属于语境照应关系。但是要引起注意的是，冠词中的语境特指通常是定冠词，但是零冠词有时也可表示确定特指，此时是一种语境特指。