高中英语动词不定式的用法(二).docVIP

动词不定式的用法（一） 动词不定式的句法功能：动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。 一、作主语： 不定式作主语时，通常表示一个具体的，特定的行为。其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。动词不定式作主语可位于句首。例如： To live means to create. To do that sort of thing is stupid. To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society. 但是当作主语的不定式是较长的短语是，我们通常使用it作形式主语，而将动词不定式置于句末。例如： It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language. It was his job to repair bicycles(自行车) 常用it作形式主语，而用动词不定式作实际主语的常用句型有： 1. It is＋adj (＋for sb.／sth.) ＋ to do sth.表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。 用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。 例如： It is interesting to play this game. It is necessary for you to change your job. How rude it was of the boy to jump the queue! It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel?at home in their house. How silly it was of you to give up such a good?chance！ 2. It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。 通常表示根据事实判断人的品行，特征。如：“聪明，愚笨，明智，错误等”。 注意：这一句型中常用描述不定式的逻辑主语的性格、品质的形容词，如good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，wise(明智的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。 3.It＋be＋名词＋不定式 用于此句型的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s?job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。例如： Its our duty to take good care of the old. What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful?film. It is good manners for the young to give their seats?to the old. Its a shame for you to do such kind of thing. 4. It takes sb.＋some time＋to do sth. 该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。 例如： It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike. 作表语 主语和表语同为不定式时，通常主语表示条件，表语表示结果。 如：To see is to believe. 动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构：My wish/ job/ aim/ goal is+不定式以及The next step/ /important thing/problem/measure is +不定式等。例如： My wish is to be a teacher. My goal is to pass the college entrance examination(高考，大学入学考试). The problem is how to get there. The important thing in life is to have a great aim.(目标) Your job is to type the papers in the office. The next measure is to stop the river from b