形容词辨义(实用).docVIP

§10．1 形容词辨义 1．近义和近形形容词 （1）alike，similar alike意指“几乎同样”，常用作表语，不可直接放在名词前面；similar则指“在很多方面相似，但不是全部”：be similar to（与…相似）。 a．（误）Mary and Ann are alike people in this respect． （应去掉people） b．All music is alike to Tom．各种音乐在汤姆听来都一样。 （指没有鉴赏力） c．A is similar to B in many ways． （2）shameful，ashamed，shameless shameful意为“可耻的、丢脸的”，常用作定语表示主动意义，用以指事物：shameful conduct（无耻行径）；ashamed意为“羞耻的、惭愧的”，常用作表语，表示被动，用来指人：be/feel ashamed to do sth．（对做某事感到害臊），be ashamed of oneself（为自己感到害臊），be ashamed of（对…感到惭愧），be ashamed for sb．（替某人感到羞耻）；shameless用来指人，意为“不知羞耻的”。 a．I feel ashamed that have done so little for the people． b．Mr．Smith，I am sorry about what I said．I am terribly ashamed of my stupidity． （3）beloved，lovable beloved意为“心爱的”，用作表语时意为“为…所爱的”，用作定语时意为“被热爱的”；lovable意为“可爱的、讨人喜欢的”。 a．Cornelia was Lears beloved daughter． b．He is a lovable child． （4）capable，able be able to和 be capable of都是指“能够”，但前者的主语限于有生命的事物，而后者无此限制。be capable of褒贬都可以用，指经常性的现象，但多数情况下指坏事；be able to多用于褒义，仅指暂时的现象。 a．They are able to find their own food． b．We are not able to go for an outing day． c．He is capable of teaching English． d．The machine is capable of chopping any kind of meat in three minutes． （5）comprehensive，comprehensible comprehensive意为“综合性的”：comprehensive planning（全面规划），take a comprehensive view of the situation（通观全局）；comprehensi-ble意为“可充分了解的”。 Tom passed his Ph．D comprehensive exam． （6）cultural，cultured，cultivated cultural指“文化的、文化上的”：cultural objects and historic monu-ments（文物古迹），cultural and educational work（文化教育工作）；cul-tured意为“有教养的、有修养的”，用以形容人以及city，community，nation等名词，一般与cultivated同义。 China is a cultured nation． （7）dissatisfied，unsatisfied，unsatisfactory dissatisfied表示“（没有达到某种愿望或要求）不满意的”：be dis-satisfied with/at（对…不满或不平）；unsatisfied表示“（没有得到足够食物）不满足的”：be unsatisfied with（对…不满足或不满意）；unsat-isfactory意为“不令人满意的”，和satisfactory一样，是非人称的形容词，不能修饰人。 a．There was a dissatisfied look in his eyes． b．Both of us are very dissatisfied with his explanation． c．I ate only one hour ago，but my hunger is still unsatisfied． （8）distant，fat distan