“沃尔玛现象”剖析论文.docVIP

　　“沃尔玛现象”剖析论文 内容提要：“沃尔玛现象”可以从流通革命（零售时代）、沃尔玛分店扩张及其经济影响三个方面来加以剖析。分工（专业化利益）与交换（交易成本）之间的两难冲突主导了经济发展进程，造成流通产业扩张的历史必然性。沃尔玛在流通扩张的产业空间下，在品牌、统一经营模式和现代信息技术等方面打造核心竞争力，对分店进行“复制/粘贴”和“选择性干预”，成功地实现了规模扩大。沃尔玛的进入冲击了当地商业，但推动了零售生产率的提高和整个经济中产业结构的优化调整，改善了消费者福利，总体效应是正面的。 关键词：零售时代沃尔玛现象剖析 在中国2004年底全面开放零售业的新形势下sumdiss.pdf. 15Canback,S.BureaucraticLimitsofFirmSize:EmpiricalAnalysisUsingTransactionCostEconomics,DBAdiss.,HenleyManagementCollege,BrunelUniversity,2002. 16Coase,RonaldH.“TheNatureoftheFirm.”Economica,November1937,4(4),pp.386-405. 17Colla,Enrico,andMarcDupuis.“ResearchandManagerialIssuesonGlobalRetailpetition:Carrefour/art.”InternationalJournalofRetail DistributionManagement,2002,30(2/3),pp.103-111. 18Dhar,SanjayK.,andJ.HochStephen.“arketingScience,1997,16(3),pp.208-227. 19Dollery,Brian,andeasuringtheTransactionSectorintheAustralianEconomy,1911-1991.”AustralianEconomicHistoryRevieas,MarkodelfortheAnalysisofKeySuccess/FailureFactors.”InternationaljournalofRetail DistributionManagement,1996,24(11),pp.330-8. 23“FightOverartatMexicoRuins”，2004/issouri,1989. 25Holmstrom,Bengt,andJohnRoberts.“TheBoundariesoftheFirmRevisited.”JournalofEconomicPerspectives,Fall1998,12(4),pp.73-94. 26Johnson,B.C.“Retail:TheartEffect.”TheMcKinseyQuarterly,2002,1,pp.40-43. 27Klein,PeterG.“EconomicCalculationandtheLimitsofOrganization.”TheRevieics,1996,9(2),pp.3-28. 28Knight,Frank(1921).Risk,UncertaintyandProfit.Neption,Divestiture,andForinatedbyaSingleFirm.”AmericanEconomicRevieber1983,73(5),pp.1092-1101. 30Milgrom,PaulandRoberts,John.“BargainingCosts,InfluenceCosts,andtheOrganizationofEconomicActivity.”inJamesE.AltandKenhA.Shepsle,eds.PerspectivesonPoliticalEconomy,Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1990. 31McConnell,J.L.“CorporateEarningsbySizeofFirm.”SurveyofCurrentBusiness,May1945,25,pp.6-12. 32Mises,LudicCalculationintheSocialistmonicPlanning.Clifton,N.J.:AugustusM.Kelley,1975,pp.87-130. 33Mises,LudanAction:ATreatiseonEconomics.3rd.rev.ed.Chicago:HenryRegnery,1966. 34Nakamura,LeonardI.“Th