京江学院语法讲义--华荣版Lecture27forclass.docVIP

Lecture 27 Statement, Question, Command, Exclamation Teaching Focus Negative statements -一般否定句 -全部否定句 -部分否定句 -双重否定句 -局部否定句 -半否定或不完全否定句 -否定转移 Tag questions Statements / Declarative Sentences Positive statements (See Textbook P310-311) Negative statements (See Textbook P311-312) Supplements: 1/7一般否定句：在英语中，构成否定句的最简单的方式是用否定词not对句子的谓语给予否定。 e.g. This sentence is not difficult. Notes: 1) 当have / has / had表示“有”的含义时，在美式英语中，否定形式多用do / does / did not + have，而在英式英语中，则用have / has / had not + (got)的形式。 e.g. I don’t have much time. (AmE.) / I haven’t (got) much time. (BrE.) 2) 在英语中，所有的be动词、情态助动词和其他助动词都可以和not一起组成否定的省略形式，除了am之外。（See Textbook P214） 3) 否定句中不能同时使用两种省略形式。 e.g. 可以说：Jane isn’t happy. / Jane’s not happy. 但不可以说：Jane’sn’t happy. ?? 2/7全部否定句： I. 否定谓语 e.g. He is not a friend of mine. II. no, none of, neither 否定主语、宾语或状语。 e.g. No children are permitted here. 小孩都不准来这儿。 I see no birds in the sky.我看见天上一只鸟也没有。 None of the boys are ready. 男孩子一个也没准备好。 Neither of us has ever had a university education.我们俩都没有受过大学教育。 III. not a / not one + 单数名词作主语或宾语。 e.g. I would say not a word. 我一个字也不想说。 Not a single man was killed, only three wounded.没有人死亡，仅用三人受伤。 Notes: 1) not a / not one修饰可数名词与no修饰名词意思一样。 e.g. No students came from that area. 学生都不来自那个地区。 Not a single word came from his mouth. 他守口如瓶。 2）在正式文体中，宾语或状语部分可提到句首，句子采用部分倒装。 e.g. Not one photo did she leave behind. / Not a moment did they wait. 3) not a / not one修饰单数名词，而no既可修饰单数名词，也可修饰复数名词。 - Land belongs to the city; there is ___D___ thing as private ownership of land. (TEM 4, 2006, No. 60) A. no such a B. not such C. not such a D. no such e.g. There is no such thing as perfection in the world. 世界上没有十全十美的事情。 ?? 3/7部分否定句：部分否定句是通过句中的形容词very, all, whole, both, many以及副词always, entirely, wholly, often, altogether, quite等与否定词not的搭配，并将形容词或副词置于句中名词中心词前修饰名词，从而否定名词或名词词组，进而达到整个句子被部分否定的效果。 I. not与形容词或副词连用否定主语。 e.g. Not many people came to t