介词、副词和动词短语.docVIP

一、介词的意义和用途 我们经常在名词或名词短语、代词或动名词前面用介词表示人、物、 事件等之间的关系 介词 + 名词：I gave the book to Charlie 介词 + 代词: I gave it to him 介词 + 动名词: Charlie devotes his time to reading 有的介词所表示的关系是; 空间: We ran across the field 时间: The plane landed at 4 25 precisely 原因: Travel is cheap for us because of the strength of the dollar 方法: You unlock the door by turning the key to the right 介词始终带有宾语。即使介词与宾语分开时，如在问句中或者关系从句中，这种关系仍必定存在。 Who(m) were you talking to just now on the phone? (= To whom ) The chair I was sitting on was very shaky (= The chair on which...) 二、介词后的代词 英语名词没有格的变化，因此它们用作动词或介词的宾语时，其形式不变; There s a chair behind/by/in front of/near the door 但介词后的动词必须用其宾格形式： The car stopped behind/in front of/near me/him/her/us/them Between you and me, there s no truth in the report (不可说between you and I). 三、一个词何时为介词、副词或连词 介词“支配”着宾语，所以它总是与名词、名词短语、代词或动名词有关；而副词不；“支配”宾语，因此它与动词的关系较为密切。 1 可以兼用作介词和副词小品词的词 有些词可以起介词的作用，也可以起副词的作用其后跟宾语时，它们其介词的作用。 We drove round the city (round 有宾语，是介词) 其后没有宾语时，它们则起到副词小品词的作用（甚至暗含有宾语时亦如此）。 We drove round (round 没宾语，是副词小品词) 最常见的可兼做介词和副词小品词的词有: about, above, across, after along around before, behind below beneath beyond by down in inside near off on opposite, outside, over past round through under underneath up without 2 用作介词而不用做副词的词 这些词必须带宾语: against at beside despite during except for from into of onto per since till/until to toward(s) upon via with 以及一些以-ing 结尾的词 excepting regarding等。有些短语动词是有动词 +副词小品词to 构成，如 come to （苏醒）pull to（拉上）. 3 用作小品词而不用作介词的词 away ，back ，backward(s) ，downward(s) ，forward(s) ，out，和 upward(s). The children rang the bell and ran away 4.可兼用介词和连词的词 有些词可用作介词，也可用作连词带从句 如. after ，as ，before ，since, till， until I haven t seen him since this morning 介词 I haven t seen him since he left this morning 连词 当用作连词时，as well as， but, except，和 than 后面可用带不带to的不定式: I’ ve done everything you wanted except (or but) make the beds 从不同的角度看空间中的位置 当我们指空间（一个很大的范围）时，应根据我们想要表达的意思来选择介词，我们可以讲： In / at/ to/from/ under/over/across London 从说话人的个人角度来看一个地点就会影响到他对介词的选择，如果一个人讲: I live in