恒星的形成、结构及元素合成及Fe重元素.pptVIP

* Brown dwarfs still emit energy, due to gravitational collapse Brown dwarfs are important to astronomy since they may be the most common type of star out there and solve the missing mass problem Brown dwarfs eventual fade and cool to become black dwarfs. Stars Big Bright Hot Produce energie by fusion Planets Small Cool Orbit stars Produce no Energie Brown dwarf: Radiation Near-infrared Steadily fades in time Search near known stars Binary system Advantages Search in star-formation clusters Brown Dwarfs are brightest * /Media/releases/ssc2004-04/ssc2004-04v2.shtml This animation illustrates the process of triggered star formation. First, a massive star in its final death throes explodes or goes supernova, shooting a shock wave through surrounding clouds of gas and dust. Next, the shock wave compresses the gas and dust, gravity kicks in, and finally, a new wave of stars is born. The whole progression, from the death of one star to the birth of others, takes millions of years to complete. * 一种形状为半星半云的、并拥有独特发射光谱的特殊天体。一般认为是处于恒星演化早期阶段的极年轻的天体，有人认为是一种正在形成恒星的原恒星。这类特殊天体是赫比格（于1948年）和阿罗（于1950年）首先发现的，因而以他们的名字命名，简称H-H天体。 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The s-process explains the synthesis of stable nuclei up to and including bismuth-209, the heaviest known nonradioactive nucleus. * xkong@ * 核反应时标 nuclear time 恒星通过核心区（约占恒星质量1/10）核反应的产能时间 tn=E/L＝hDMc2/L≈0.7%0.1Mc2/L≈ (1010 yr) (M/M⊙) (L/L⊙)-1 计算： the fusion of four protons to create an alpha-particle releases energy Q ~ 26MeV total available nuclear energy Enuc=q M/4mp . Q q ~ unity represents fraction of the star available as nuclear fuel. 主序星燃烧氢的时间, tnuc ~ 1x1011 q (M/M?)/(L/L?)y R D ?1 ?2 ?N * xkong@ * 扩散时标 diffusion time 辐射能转移：光子与电子发生碰撞散射。 If the photon-path is a random-walk of N steps, each of length ?, the total distance travelled is d=N?, but the nett distance travelled is D2=N?2 To escape, the photon must travel a distance R, which will take ：tdiff ? R2 / ?c ~ 5?105 R y Compare the es