3种游泳出发技术运动学分析_张铭.pdfVIP

:1002-9826(2003)12-0027-06 2003 (39 ) 12 CHINA SPORT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.39.No.12,2003 3 种游泳出发技术的运动学分析 Kinematical Analysis on Three Types of Start Techniques in Swimming 　,　,　 ZHANG Ming,LIN Hong,LI Ting 　:重点描述20 世纪90 年代后出现的后摆蹲踞式游泳出发技术, 并与现在常用的前倾蹲踞 式和前抓台式游泳出发技术 行比较。 运用生物力学测试方法,使用超微摄像机对8 名优秀女 游泳运动员 行定点拍摄, 通过对3 种游泳出发技术的录像 行解析来比较研究它们的部分运 动学特征,得出这3 种游泳出发技术的特点。研究结果表明:后摆蹲踞式出发技术较前倾蹲踞式 和前抓台式出发技术稳定性高;后摆蹲踞式出发技术较前倾蹲踞式和前抓台式出发技术离台水 平速度大, 手的拉台效果明显,但滞台时间也较长;后摆蹲踞式出发技术的台上预备姿势重心投 影点距出发台前沿较前倾蹲踞式和前抓台式出发技术靠后, 不利于快速起动。 对3 种游泳出发 技术的综合评价表明, 后摆蹲踞式游泳出发技术有利因素较多。 :游泳;技术;出发;运动学分析 Abstract:T is paper c aracterizes and compares t e slings ot track start,t e track start and grab start for ven- tral swimming races, especially focusing on slings ot track start w ic appears in t e last decade of twenty cen- tury.Wit t e aid of biomec anical testing met od and ig -video camera, 8 elite female swimmers are mea- sured.T roug comparing some kinematical c aracteristics of t ree type of start tec nique, some tec nical c aracteristics are found out.T e result s ows t at t e posture on starting block of slings ot track start as ig er stability t an track start and grab start.T e slings ot track start is able to produce ig er velocity and it also implies ig er periods on starting block, meanw ile t e function of ands is more benefit to velocity.T e center gravity projected of slings ot track start is furt er from t e front of starting block t an track st