高考语法13.pptVIP

;;名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一般来说，名词性从句有如下连词： that—在从句中不作任何成分，没有任何含义； whether，if—在从句中不作任何成分，有“是否”之意； who，whom，what，which—在从句中作主语或宾语，指人或事物；;when，where，how，why，because—在从句中作状语； whatever，whichever，whoever—用法与what，which，who，whom相同，含义上强调“任何……”，“无论……”。;一、主语从句 在复合句中作主句的主语。 1．连词that引导主语从句时，一般不能省略。但若在非正式文体中，又用于it作形式主语的结构中，只要句子不太复杂，that也可以省略，例如： That he was right was quite clear. 很清楚，他说的对。 Its a pity(that)you missed the sports meeting last week. 很遗憾你没参加上周的运动会。;2．if不引导主语从句，主语从句中表示“是否”只能用whether. Whether he will come or not is not yet known. 他是否要来还不知道。 3．连接代词who，whom，what，which，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等和连接副词when，where，how，why，because引导的主语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来的，注意要用陈述语序，例如： What the weather will be like for the next three days is of great importance. 今后三天天气怎样是至关重要的。;How much we can spend must be agreed on. 我们可以花多少钱必须要达成共识。 4．除what/who/which...-ever引导的从句外，主语从句均可由形式主语it代替。 Who will go to attend the meeting is not decided. ＝It is not decided who will go to attend the meeting. 谁出席会议还尚未决定。 That the earth is round is accepted by everybody nowadays. ＝It is accepted by everybody nowadays that the earth is round. 现在每个人都知道地球是圆的。;5．如果主句是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语的结构，例如： Has it been announced when the planes are to take off? 宣布飞机何时起飞了吗？ 二、表语从句 表语从句在复合句中做主句的表语。表语从句和主句的主语指同一内容，它对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。;1．除上面提到的引导名词性从句的连词以外，引导表语从句的关联词还有because，as if，as though，例如： That is why he didnt pass the exam. 那就是他不及格的原因。 It looks as if it were going to rain. 看起来要下雨。 2．表语从句中表“是否”时，只能用whether，不能用if，例如： The question is whether it is worth doing. 问题是此事是否值得做。;3．表语从句中连词that不能省略，尤其是从句较长或结构较复杂时，例如： The problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earths air. 从地球上观察太空存在一个问题，这就是地球的大气中有大量的尘埃。 4．用来表示原因的几个常见的表语从句： (1)The reason is that... He failed to meet the important customer that day.The reason is that he was caught in a traffic accident. 他没能与那位重要的客户见面，因为路上塞车了。;(2)It is why... He was caught in a traffic accident that day.It was why he failed to me