西方分權制衡理論變遷與發展.PDFVIP

稻江學報第三卷第二期 西方分權制衡理論變遷與發展 * 陳仙妹 中國文化大學中山學術研究所 摘 要 西方分權與制衡思想源於古希臘的柏拉圖、亞里斯多德、古羅馬的鮑里貝士正式提出， 後經洛克等人發展，而由孟德斯鳩集大成，最後由傑佛遜和漢密爾頓制定的美國憲法得到 實踐。西方國家分權體制各不相同，反映各國社會歷史條件、政治傳統的差異，但在基本 方面卻有相同之處，即是以權力制約權力，權力相互制約。近年來，隨著時空及權力結構 的改變，現代分權制衡理論產生行政權擴張、政黨政治與利益集團影響而導致政治力量結 構改變以及司法權地位提昇等現象。 關鍵詞：憲政、分權、制衡、司法審查、行政權擴張 * TEL ：0911-229-717/ (02)2246-7392 台北縣中和市圓通路 37號 8F 299 稻江學報第三卷第二期 The Changes and Development of Separation of powers with checks and balances doctrine HSIEN-MEI CHEN Sun Yet-Sen Graduate Institute, Chinese Culture University Abstract The Doctrine of separation of powers with checks and balances was originated from Plato and Aristotle, was officially presented by Polybius in Ancient Rome Age and was developed by John Locke. Finally it was integrated by Montesquieu and afterwards was carried out by the USA constitution drawn up by Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. The system of separation of powers of western countries are different because they reflect the differences of Socio-historical conditions and political tradition among them. However, they are very similar in fundamentals and it means checking power by power or power being balanced Mutually. In recent years the variation of time space and power structure, Modern doctrine of checks and balances has produced the expansion of Administrative power, the change of political power structure influe