现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter5.docxVIP

Chapter 5Word meaning and Semantic Features 词义与语义特征5.1 Conventionality and Motivation 约定俗成与有理据词5.2 Main Types of Word Meaning 词义的分类5.3 Componential Analysis and Semantic Features 语义成分分析与语义特征5.1 Conventionality and Motivation 约定俗成与有理据词The sound and meaning of words relatedTwo ways:1. Conventionality约定俗成Most English words are conventional, arbitrary symbol.Arbitrary: adj. decided by or based on chance or personal opinion rather than facts or reason.Conventional or arbitrary: there is no intrinsic relation between the sound-symbol and its sense.Eg.△□ English –house French –maison Chinese –fángzi Russian –dom Spanish –casa2. Motivation 有理据词Motivation: refers to the connection between word-symbol and its sense.Phonetic motivation语音理据Phonetic motivation: pronunciation suggests the meaning, including echoic words or onomatopoeic wordsE.g. woof-woof the woof-woof of a dogmiaow the miaow of a catroar the roar of a lionbang the bang of a doorMorphological motivation 形态理据Morphological motivation: there is a direct connection between the morphemic structure of the word and its meaning.E.g. anticancer 抗癌的kilogram 公斤，千克good-looking 好看的，美貌的daydream 白日梦，做白日梦Semantic motivation 语义理据Semantic motivation: The figurative meaning can be understood by those who know the literal meaning.E.g. a stony heart 铁石心肠，冷酷无情the leg of a table 桌子的腿5.2 Main Types of Word Meaning 词义的分类Types of Word Meaning: A. Grammatical meaning语法意义B. Lexical meaning 词汇意义A. Grammatical meaning 1. word-class词类:The word-class determines the position that a word normally occupies in a sentenceEg.Being a child, he can’t understand what he just said. He never dreams of being a superstar. 2. inflectional paradigm词形变化:Eg. seasons of a year 一年四季 the poles 南北两极cat –cats mouse –mice walk –walks –walked write –wrote –written B. Lexical meaning Denotative meaning外延意义(conceptual meaning概念意义)Denotative meaning involves the relationship between a linguistic unit (