学案21名词从句讲与练.docVIP

名词性从句 一．引导词 连词: that, whether, if , as if , as though 连接代词: what, which (哪个/些), who, whom, whose, 疑问词+ever 连接副词: when, where, why, how 二. 种类 1.主语从句 Whether he’ll be able to come is not yet known. (谓语动词前) 2.宾语从句 They kept me well informed of what was going on outside.（动词或介词后） 3.表语从句 The problem is how Polly is going to find us in the crowd. （be或系动词后） 4.同位语从句 The advice that she gave on how to solve the tough problem was reasonable.（名词后） 三．注意问题 that / what that引导名词性从句时，具有以下特征：①在名词性从句中不充当任何成分。②无词义。③引导宾语从句时可以省略, 其它情况下通常不省略。④不可引导介词后的宾语从句。⑤that引导的名词性从句是陈述一个事实，不是疑问; what 引导名词性从句时，具有以下特征：① 在名词性从句中必须作一成分（主语，宾语,表语或定语）。② 有词义：陈述时表示“…的事（或人）”；疑问时表示“什么”。③ 不可省略。 That he came late made the teacher angry. I hear (that) she has gone abroad. It is amazing that he still composed music, even if he was deaf. The fact is that I’ve never been there. We all share the belief that diligence leads to success. 6)We talked about what caused the tree to die. 7)Please pay attention to what he is saying. 8). I wonder what work you are doing. (which不可用！) Compare: I don’t know what what he said at the meeting meant. It is said that that was how the Chinese first raised silkworms. 2. that 省略的问题 1）I hear (that) she has gone abroad. （宾语从句中可省，但and连接的两个并列的从句后的一般不省） 2）That he will come is certain. （其他从句不省） 3）I know nothing about him except that he is an Englishman.( 通常不可引导介词后的宾语从句。(除in, except, but等) 3. that 和 whether / if 1) The fact is that I’ve never been there. (that引导的是个事实或确定的) 2）It depends on whether it will rain. ① whether可以引导所有的名词性从句，词义是：“是否”。② if通常只引导动词后的宾语从句，而不能引导其它的名词性从句(其它情况用whether)。③ 当it做形式主语时，if可以代替whether引导主语从句。④ whether和if在从句中都不充当成分，也不可省略。 提醒：if引导状语从句时，词义是“如果”。例如： ⑴. I wonder whether/if she needs help. (动词后的宾语从句可用if) ⑵. Whether we can interview him is still unknown. (主语从句放句首时不用if) ⑶ Everything depends on whether we have experience. (介词后的宾语从句不可用if) ⑷. What we wonder is whether the poem was written by him. (表语从句不可用if) ⑸. It is still a question whether/if