牛津高中英语块一语法定语从句知识.docVIP

定语从句知识总结 一、一般情况下，限制性定从关系代词的选用： 先行词 先行词成分 指人 指物 在从句中做主语 who/that(例1) that/which(例2) 在从句中做宾语 Who/whom/that/不填（例3） that/which/不填（例4） 在从句中做定语 whose+名词=of whom+ the名词（例5） whose+名词=of which+the名词（例6） 例： 1.The man who /that lives next door is friendly. 2. Library is a building that/which stores lots of books for readers. 3.The girl whom / that /不填 / who you have just seen is from America. 4.I like the new computer that /which /不填 my father bought for me. 5.The girl whose hair is red is singing.=The girl of whom the hair is red is singing. 6. The book whose cover is blue is mine.= The book of which the color is blue is mine. 二. 关系副词的使用： 当先行词在从句中做原因状语，用why=for which; （例1） 当先行词在从句中做地点状语，用where=at/in/…+which(根据具体情况选择介词)；（例2） 当先行词在从句中做时间状语，用when=on/during/in/…+ which(根据具体情况选择介词)；（例3） 例： 1. I don’t believe the reason why/for which he was late for school. 区别： I don’t believe the reason that/which/不填 he gave me. (关系词指物，在从句中做宾语) 2. This is the school where/in which I once studied. 区别：This is the school which/that/不填 I once talked about last month. (关系词指物，在从句中做宾语) 3. I will never forget the day when/on which he joined the army. 区别： I will never forget the day that/which/不填 I spent with him. （关系词指物，在从句中做宾语） 三. 当关系词在从句中做表语时，通常用that，在口语中也可以省去。 例： China is no longer the country that it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。 My typewriter is not the machine (that) it was. 我的打字机已不是过去的机器了。 四. 只能用that不能用which的情况： 1.当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时，只能使用“that”。 例：Is there anything that I can do for you?(我能给你做点什么吗？) 2.当先行词为all，any，much，many词时，只能使用“that”。 例：Tom told her mother all that had happened.(汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。) 3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that”。 例：This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had. (这是我度过的最美好的时光。) 4.当先行词是序数词修饰时，只能使用“that”。 例：He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。 5.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时，只能使用“that”。 例：This will be the last chance that he can get.(这将会是他得到的唯一机会。) He is the only person that can help you out.(他是唯一能帮你的人。) 6.先行词里同时含有人或