化学键英文版副本.ppt

electron shells Atomic number = number of Electrons Electrons vary in the amount of energy they possess, and they occur at certain energy levels or electron shells. Electron shells determine how an atom behaves when it encounters other atoms Electrons are placed in shells according to rules: The 1st shell can hold up to two electrons, and each shell thereafter can hold up to 8 electrons. Why are electrons important? Elements have different electron configurations different electron configurations mean different levels of bonding Electron Dot Structures Symbols of atoms with dots to represent the valence-shell electrons 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18 H? He: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Li? Be? ? B ? ? C ? ? N ? ? O ? : F ? :Ne : ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Na? Mg? ? Al? ? Si ? ?P? ?S? :Cl ? :Ar : ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Chemical bonds: an attempt to fill electron shells Ionic bonds – Covalent bonds – Metallic bonds Learning Check ? A. X would be the electron dot formula for 1) Na 2) K 3) Al ? ? B. ? X ? would be the electron dot formula ? 1) B 2) N 3) P IONIC BONDbond formed between two ions by the transfer of electrons Formation of Ions from Metals Ionic compounds result when metals react with nonmetals Metals lose electrons to match the number of valence electrons of their nearest noble gas Positive ions form when the number of electrons are less than the number of protons Group 1 metals