上腹部脏器解剖腹膜和胃new.pptVIP

The peritoneum and the abdominal organs 1 腹膜及腹腔脏器（1） Outline 讲授大纲 概述Introduction 腹壁层次The layers of the abdominal wall 腹壁的重要局部 The important regions of abdominal wall 腹腔、腹膜及腹膜腔Abdominal cavity, peritoneum and peritoneal cavity 腹腔重要脏器局解The important organs of abdominal cavity 胃； 肝脏；肝外胆道；肾脏 The introduction of the peritoneum Definition The peritoneum is a thin serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and cover the organs within the two cavities Subdivisions and peritoneal cavity Parietal peritoneum 壁腹膜 －lines the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities Visceral peritoneum 脏腹膜 －covers the organs Peritoneal cavity 腹膜腔－the potential space between the parietal and visceral layer of peritoneum. Function Secretes a lubricating serous fluid that continuously moistens the associated organs Support and protect viscus Semipermeable membrane (Peritoneal dialysis) Absorption The relationship between viscera and peritoneum Intraperitoneal viscera 腹膜内位器官－viscera completely surrounded by peritoneum, example, stomach, superior part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, vermiform appendix, transverse and sigmoid colons, spleen and ovary Interperitoneal viscera 腹膜间位器官－most part of viscera surrounded by peritoneum, example, liver, gallbladder, ascending and descending colons, upper part of rectum, urinary bladder and uterus Retroperitoneal viscera 腹膜外位器官－some organs lie on the posterior abdominal wall and are covered by peritoneum on their anterior surfaces only, example, kidney, suprarenal gland, pancreas, descending and horizontal parts of duodenum, middle and lower parts of rectum, and ureter Structures formed by peritoneum Omentum 网膜 The fold of peritoneum that extends from two curvatures of stomach to adjacent organs Lesser omentum 小网膜 two-layered fold of peritoneum which extends from porta hepatis to lesser curvature of stomach and superior part of duodenum. Greater omentum 大网膜 －