翻译理论与实践 Chapter 3.pptVIP

第三章：英汉语言的对比 语系比较 English belongs to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family(印欧语系). Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family（汉藏语系）. It is well known that English has the richest vocabulary of any European language. On the basis of Angles’ language (Anglo-Saxon), English was built by absorbing words in various languages: Basic Differences Between English and Chinese English: complete structure, containing subjects and predicates, which must be verbs, agreement between the S the P synthetic language a language of “rule of law” Chinese: loose/ incomplete structure no gender, number, case, tense, aspect, voice, mood or morphological changes analytical language “flowing water” , a language of “rule of man” English vs Chinese grape-vine structure bamboo～ architectural style chronological～ a string of pearls a tray of pearls “英语句子好比一棵参天大树，一串葡萄，一串珍珠，一树荔枝。而汉语句子好比一根杆子，一盘珠子，一江波涛。” ——陈安定 英、汉语言的十二大差异 1. 中国人重直觉与具象西方人重理性与逻辑 中国人重直觉（intuition）、重形象思 维(figurative thinking); 英美人重实证(evidence）、重逻辑思维(logical thinking) 1）中国人的形象思维体现在用具体形象的词语比喻抽象的事物，以物表感、状物言志。如：明枪易躲，暗箭难防（It is easy to dodge a spear thrust in the open, but difficult to guard against an arrow shot from hiding）、脚踩两只船（straddle two boats; have a foot in either camp）、脚踏实地（have a down-to-earth manner）、丢盔弃甲（throw away everything in headlong flight）蒙在鼓里（be kept in the dark）等。 2）汉语的量词数量多，文化内涵丰富、生动，也是形象化的体现。如：一面镜子（?）、一朵花（?）、一把椅子（?）、一张桌子（?）、一位客人（?）等。 2. 中国人重整体(integrity)， 西方人重个体(individuality) 1)汉语词义一般较笼统，英语词义一般较具体 2)汉语表意较模糊，英语表意较准确 二十岁的时候，老妈打电话，不等说完三句就恨不能挂了电话。三十岁之后，一听到妈的声音就禁不住哭出声来：“妈呀，您老的所有担心现在都应验了……” 初译）At the age of twenty, when mother phones me, I am anxious to hang up immediately. After the age of thirty, on hearing mother’s voice on the phone, I cannot help