细胞增殖英文cellreproduction.pptVIP

CELL DIVISIONMITOSIS MEIOSIS A SUMMARY OF MITOSIS Mitosis Questions What does “diploid” mean? We have __ total chromosomes. In the term 2n, what does “n” stand for in us? In a gypsy moth? Why does mitosis occur? Major functions? In what cells (general term) does mitosis occur? Mitosis Questions 6. What are chromatids? 7. What happens in Anaphase to result in each new cell receiving duplicate parental DNA? 8. In a species whose diploid number is 224, what would its sperm/eggs contain? Why is this duplication of parental DNA necessary? Why undergo mitosis at all? SOMATIC CELLS What is the process of somatic cell duplication called? What are these somatic cells? Mitosis occurs only in somatic cells Gametes are not diploid (2n) Instead, they are haploid (n) Our haploid (n) number is 23 Fertilization is the union of an egg and a sperm If the egg and sperm were both diploid, what would the fertilized egg (zygote) be? It would be a genetic mess! At fertilization, n + n = 23; 23 + 23 = 46! Note how mitosis and meiosis differ: Number of divisions? Number of chromosomes? Number of products? Meiosis ! Meiosis is the cell division process that enables the transformation from 2n to n How is meiosis more complicated than mitosis? Each chromosome has a partner Human Karyotype Which pair of chromosomes in us in not homologous? All our other pairs of chromosomes are homologous What are the divisions called? In males, how many progeny are produced? Typically 4 viable sperm are produced following each Meiosis 2 In females, how many progeny are produced? Just one viable ovum (egg) is produced, plus 3 small polar bodies Crossing over Meiosis Summary Meiosis 1 DNA replication takes place A parent cell produces two daughter cells each with one member of each original pair of homologous chromosomes (to create haploid daughter cells) Crossing over may occur Meiosis Summary Meiosis 2 There is no more DNA replication The chromatids of each chromosome separate and each daughter cell divi