人体脉搏测量仪的设计(终稿).docVIP

目 录 1绪论 1 1.1课题背景及意义 1 1.2设计目标和要求 2 2人体脉搏测量仪总体设计 3 2.1设计原则 3 2.2问题分析 3 2.3方案论证 4 2.4总体结构 6 3人体脉搏测量仪硬件设计 7 3.1脉搏信号采集电路 7 3.1.1常用脉搏传感器及选型 7 3.1.2光电传感器电路 8 3.2放大滤波电路 9 3.2.1前级放大及滤波电路 9 3.2.2二级放大电路 11 3.3整形电路 12 3.4单片机控制电路 13 3.5LED显示电路 14 3.6电源电路 15 4人体脉搏测量仪软件设计 16 5单片机仿真测试 17 6结论与展望 18 参考文献 19 附录 20 附录一：人体脉搏测量仪原理图 20 附录二：PCB排版 21 附录三：程序 22 致谢 25 摘 要 本课题是人体脉搏测量仪的设计。由于脉搏信号的特殊性，在设计时必须要注意实现测量的准确，该系统的重点就在于要求实现测量的简便化和精确化。系统要在S、0S的时间内，分别测量出人体一分钟的脉搏，并且保证误差在2次以内。本系统以89C2051单片机作为中心，通过使用单片机来实现系统最核心的计算脉搏功能。在信号的前端处理上使用光电式传感器采集人体脉搏信号，然后经过3个4069级联做运算放大器放大、低通滤波器滤波、施密特触发器整形等一系列操作，将脉搏信号转换为同频率的脉冲信号输入到单片机内，并利用单片机对其进行计数。计数的方法是利用单片机的计时器，计算一次心跳的时间，然后由该周期计算出频率，继而就可以求出一分钟的脉搏数。按照理论来说，只要有一次心跳信号就可以，但是要考虑到计算的精确性，可以设定为测量五次或者十次心跳信号，然后再求脉搏就可以使结果比较精确。计数结果将最终送至LED数码管进行显示。本文精确地介绍了从脉搏采集到显示脉搏数的原理及各部分电路的参数分析。 关键词：脉搏测量；光电式传感器；LED数码管；单片机  Abstract This topic is a design of body pulse measuring instrument. Because of the specificity of the pulse signal, the design must pay attention to achieve an accurate measurement. The point of this design is the simple and precise of the measurement. We need to measure the pulse of the human body in one minute in 30 or 60 seconds of time, and to ensure that the error in less than 2 times. The whole system is center on SCM 89C2051, using the SCM to achieve the system core function of counting pulse. In the front-end processing of the signal, we use photoelectric sensor to collect the signal of the human body pulse. And then, after amplification of Operational Amplifier which consist of 3 4069s, shaping of Schmidt trigger, filtering of the low-pass filter and other operations, the signal will be converted to the pulse signal with the same frequency, and this signal will be input to the SCM. The SCM will count to this. The method of counting is using the timer of the SCM, and then uses the cycle, get the frequency and we can get the number of the one-minute pulse. In accordance with the theory, as long as there is one heart signal, the final result can be got. But taking