托福听力考试提分的“问答原则”.docxVIP

智课网TOEFL备考资料托福听力考试提分的“问答原则” 摘要： 由于托福听力考试要求的特殊性——与雅思的听力考试不同，托福考生不能通过预览听力考题来对听力材料中的重要内容作一个预先判断，故而，掌握如何在托福听力材料中定位重要信息的能力对于托福考生来说显得至关重要。 除了听力中几乎“百发百中”的转折原则外，问答原则也是在听力材料中定位出题信息的一个重要原则。无论是在对话还是讲座当中，问答情境的出现通常都是对听力材料中涉及的重要问题的明确与深入探讨，对于问题的回答往往就是对听力主线内容的进一步阐释说明，故而一问一答的内容往往就是出题点所在，此部分的信息是考生解题的重要线索与依据，需要重点关注。 下面将以TPO真题中的具体实例说明问答原则如何能够帮助考生在 托福 听力中定位重点出题信息。 Conversation篇 托福听力 中conversation涉及的主要是学生求助他人解决实际问题或授课内容疑难点的场景，问答原则在对话中的主要体现在于一、明确学生的主要问题 --- conversation必考的主旨题往往是在学生与教授或工作人员的问答中得以体现，其中：对话的目的主旨往往直接就是学生的问题所在，对话的大意主旨也都是在对话双方的不断应答中得以揭示的;以及二、探讨、解决问题过程中的重要环节与步骤，在对话中基于不同问题或疑惑的解答往往是涉及对话主线的重要信息，通常在听力中会以细节题的形式进行考察。 例1：TPO6 Conversation1当中，学生因不明确校园招聘会具体面向什么学生群体而特意前去咨询，此处涉及的是对对话目的主旨的考察。 TPO-6 Conversation-1 Narrator Listen to a conversation between a student and an employee in the universitys career services office. Student Hi, do you have a minute? Employee Sure, how can I help you? Student I have a couple of questions about the career fair next week. Employee OK, shoot. Student Um ...well, are seniors the only ones who can go?(Q1) I mean, you know, they are finishing school this year and getting their degrees and everything. And, well, it seems like businesses would wanna talk to them and not first year students like me. Employee No, no, the career fair is opened to all our students and we encourage anyone whos interested to go check it out. 1. Why does the student go to the career services office? ● to confirm the date and time of the career fair ● to learn the location of the career fair ● to find out he is allowed to attend the career fair ● to get advice about interviewing at the career fair 例2：TPO8 Conversation1当中，学生去办理学位证，但因不明白办理的具体要求，学生遇到了一些麻烦。 TPO-8 Conversation-1 Stu Hi, Id like to drop of my graduation form; I understand you need this in order to process my diploma. Reg Ok, I will take that. Before you leave, lets me check our computer. Looks like you are OK for graduation,