管理对天敌的致病性和引诱作用.pdfVIP

Applied Soil Ecology 21 (2002) 197–210 Pathogenicity and attractiveness of entomopathogenic hyphomycete fungi to collembolans Karsten M. Dromph∗, Susanne Vestergaard Department of Ecology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark Received 2 April 2002; received in revised form 17 June 2002; accepted 18 June 2002 Abstract The aim of the present study was to test the pathogenicity of hyphomycete entomopathogenic fungi used for biocontrol to non-target euedaphic collembolans, and to test the behavioural responses of collembolans to the presence of these fungi. In order to do this, adults of the three collembolan species Folsomia fimetaria, Hypogastrura assimilis and Proisotoma minuta were inoculated by dipping in a 1 × 107 conidia ml−1 suspension of three entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria brongniartii and Metarhizium anisopliae , and for F. fimetaria additionally in 1 × 108 conidia ml−1 suspensions. None of the fungal isolates increased the mortality of any of the three tested collembolans compared to an uninoculated control. The effect of continuous exposure to conidia of B. brongniartii and M. anisopliae in the substrate was tested by incubating adult F. fimetaria and P. minuta for 14 days at 20 ◦C in sphagnum containing 1 × 108 conidia g−1 wet weight. In contrast to direct inoculation, the exposure of F. fimetaria to sphagnum inoculated with one of the B. brongniartii isolates and M. anisopliae was found to increase mortality significantly from 17.3% in the control to 56.9 and 41.8% respectively, while there was no significant difference between the mortalities in any of the other treatments. The behavioural response of the collembolans to the presence of conidia in the substrate was tested in pair-w