第十四章发育遗传.pptVIP

第十四章 遗传与发育（ Genetics Developmen ） 第一节　细胞核和细胞质在个体发育中的作用 3.花粉粒的发育 四、环境条件的影响 生物个体的发育，与个体所处的环境条件密切相关。环境中的很多生物及非生物因子，都可以调控相关基因的表达，影响个体发育。 五、细胞的全能性 1.植物细胞的全能性 * 驼背基因（hunchback）。 * Pair-Rule Genes（成对规则基因）， * Figure: 20-09 Title: New Patterns of Gene Expression Can be Generated by Overlapping Regions Containing Gene Products Caption: New patterns of gene expression can be generated by overlapping regions containing gene products. (a) Transcription factors 1 and 2 are present in an overlapping region of expression. If both transcription factors must bind sites in a promoter to trigger the expression of a target gene, the gene will be active only in cells containing both factors (most likely in the zone of overlap). (b) The expression of the target gene in the restricted region of the embryo. Figure: 20-10 Title: Stripe Pattern of Pair-rule Gene Expression in the Drosophila Embryo Caption: Stripe pattern of pair-rule gene expression in the Drosophila embryo. This embryo is stained to show expression patterns of the genes even-skipped and fushi-tarazu (ftz). (a) Low-power view (b) and high-power view of the same embryo. (Lawrence, P. A., and Johnson P. , 1989. Development 105: 761-67. The Making of a Fly. Blackwell Scientific, 1992.) * Segment polarity genes（体节极性基因） * Title: Expression of the Segment Polarity Gene Engrailed in a Drosophila Embryo Caption: The 14 stripes of expression of the segment polarity gene engrailed in a Drosophila embryo. (Jim Langeland, Stephen Paddock, and Sean Carroll) * Figure: 20-06 Title: The Hierarchy of Genes Involved in Establishing the Segmented Body Plan in Drosophila Caption: The hierarchy of genes involved in establishing the segmented body plan in Drosophila. Gene products from the maternal genes regulate the expression of the gap, pair-rule, and segment polarity groups of zygotic genes that in turn control expression of the Hox genes. * Homeotic genes（同源异形基因） Antennapedia complex触角复合体；Bithorax complex双胸复合体 * * F