lec1免疫学history and overview.ppt

EDCbEBBE * 今天的医学家所能确定的、最早的瘟疫是天花，在距今大约3000多年的古代埃及法老木乃伊的脸上，就可以看到天花症状的痕迹。 在古代人类，传染病经常有大流行，病死率很高。 古代人们很早就发现，得过某种传染病痊愈后，即具有防止再患同样的传染病的能力，这就是免疫。 中国古代发明了人痘苗接种的方法预防天花， 被世界公认为免疫学研究的开端， 是免疫学发展史上的第一个里程碑。 免疫学是人类在与传染病斗争过程中发展起来的。从中国人种“人痘”预防天花的正式记载算起，及其后的Jenner接种牛痘苗，预防天花，直至今日，免疫学的发展已有三个半世纪。前后走过经验免疫学时期，科学免疫学时期及现代免疫学时期。 古人发现，一个人如果得了某种传染病，可以长期或终身不再得这种病，有的即使再得病，也是比较轻微而不致死亡。人们从中得到启发，懂得“以毒攻毒”的原理，即是在未病之前，先服用或接种这有毒的致病物质，使人体对这些疾病产生特殊的抵抗力，这种思想已经包含有近代医学的“免疫”萌芽了。 * 天花与大清皇帝 麻子皇帝：康熙、咸丰 因天花而死：顺治、同治 * To produce a mild form of smallpox.because a person surviving an attack of smallpox is resistant to subsequent attack of this disease * Variola means smallpox * Caravan route:商队路线/the silk route The wife of the English ambassador in Constantinople British royalty 2% will die * * Milkmaid milked a cow,infected cowpox,she also got infected,but never infected by smallpox, Vesicle,prevalent * * Population explosion Provide labor for the new factories of the Industrial revolution Attenuated live vaccine * * * Tetanus Immunize animal,get protein which can neutrilize the toxin Humor means body fluid * Certain cells eat foreign material * * 流行病学家 1957年Burnet提出的克隆选择学说为免疫生物学发展奠定了理论基础，使免疫学超越了传统的抗感染免疫，从而开启现代免疫学新阶段。 * 抗原选择克隆，公主扔绣球 * Thr foreign substances thatcan provoke the production of Ab are called antigen Tuberculosis Fetal development * * Nose hairs,ciliated epithelium,mucus,nasal mucus is greenish or yellowish,it contains trapped bacteria and their waste product Which cells are comprised of adaptive immune response? B cells,plasma cells,Th,Tc APC:DC,Macrophage,B cells,but the first are not part of the adaptive immune response * Turn on ,turn off,QUICKER,stronger,overall much better,self components * Born with,you can pick your friends,but you can not pick your family * In a perfect world,no self-reactivity,but not always * High acidity * Ck,intracellular message system * * Production of antibody、cell-mediated immunity Antibody discovery 1890，von