Lecture5 信息光学.ppt

Topic#5: Wave-Optics Analysis of Coherent Optical Systems  1.A thin lens as a phase transformation y x ?(x,y) ?0 where n is the refractive index of the lens material, kn?(x,y) is the phase delay introduced by the lens, and k[?0-?(x,y)] is the phase delay introduced by the remaining region of free space between the two planes ?(x,y) ?0 Ul(x,y) Ul?(x,y) The problem remains to find the mathematical form of the thickness function ?(x,y) in order that the effects of the lens may be understood. ?(x,y) ?0 The paraxial approximation The phase transformation and its physical meaning Define the focal length f as Ignore the constant phase factor Lens focus positive or negative?? /k/548/course/chp4.html Positive lens or converging lens: f 0 Negative lens or diverging lens: f0 If the focal length is positive, then the spherical wave is converging towards a point on the lens axis a distance f behind the lens. If f is negative, then the spherical wave is diverging about a point on the lens axis a distance f in front of the lens. 2.Fourier transforming properties of lenses f Input f d Input f d Input Input placed against the lens the lens a pupil function P(x,y) defined by The amplitude distribution behind the lens becomes Before lens Behind lens Ul(x,y) Ul?(x,y) Putting z=f, the distribution Uf(u,v) in the back focal plane of the lens is Think: Fresnel and Fraunhofer Diffraction? Fresnel diffraction When the physical extent of the input is smaller than the lens aperture, the factor P(x,y) may be neglected, yielding The complex amplitude distribution of the field in the focal plane of the lens is the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the field incident on the lens fX=u/?f, fY=v/?f Input placed in front of the lens Input placed in front of the lens Fo(fX,fY) represent the Fourier spectrum of the light transmitted by the input transparency, and the Fl(fX,fY) the Fourier spectrum of the light on the lens; that is With Fresnel or paraxial approximation (P6