肿瘤的生长方式和生的长速度b.pptVIP

第四节 肿瘤的生长方式和生长速度; 大多数良性肿瘤呈膨胀性生长。常有纤维性包膜，容易手术切除，切除后不复发。但血管瘤是一个例外，不呈膨胀性生长，而呈浸润性生长。;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.; 恶性肿瘤常呈浸润性生长。肿瘤无包膜形成，境界不清。局部切除后，常有肿瘤残留，容易复发。 浸润是恶性肿瘤的标志之一。;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.; 良性肿瘤、恶性肿瘤都可以有这种生长方式。 良性肿瘤基底部无浸润，而恶性肿瘤则伴有基底浸润。;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;二、肿瘤的生长速度;2、倍增时间： 即肿瘤细胞增加一倍所需要的时间 3、生长分数（增殖指数）： 即处于增殖状态（S、G2、M）的细胞比例 生长最旺盛的肿瘤增殖指数也仅有20%左右。;4、肿瘤细胞的生成与丢失 增多=生成 - 丢失 丢失：凋亡、坏死;5、血管生成（Angiogenesis);恶性肿瘤由于生长快，但血管形成慢，造成供血不足，常易发生坏死、溃疡、出血等继发性改变。;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;第五节 肿瘤的扩散;一、直接蔓延;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;二、转移(Metastasis);转移是恶性肿瘤最本质的表现。良性肿瘤不转移，只有恶性肿瘤才发生转移。恶性肿瘤中，只有少数肿瘤不发生或很少发生转移，如皮肤的基底细胞癌、脑的恶性胶质细胞瘤。 应当指出，浸润是转移的基础。;1.淋巴道转移：;瘤细胞侵入淋巴管，随淋巴液进入局部淋巴结，先聚集在边缘窦，逐渐累及破坏整个淋巴结，并可进一步转移到下一站引流淋巴结，最终经胸导管进入体循环。受累的淋巴结肿大、变硬、互相粘连成团，切面灰白而干燥。;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;2.血道转移：; 肿瘤侵入血管，随血流运行，到达远隔器官。肿瘤栓子进入门静脉引起肝转移；进入体静脉引起肺转移；进入肺静脉引起全身性转