组织行为学——第10章 沟通.pptVIP

10-* 每种沟通方向都存在需要克服的局限性 每种沟通方式都有最佳目标和具体的局限性，要恰当使用 沟通障碍往往会阻碍或扭曲沟通 请牢记： 10-* 1.描述沟通过程并区分正式和非正式沟通； 2.对比下行、上行和平行沟通并各给出例子； 3.对比口头、书面和非语言沟通； 4.说明正式沟通渠道和小道消息之间的区别； 5.识别高效沟通的常见障碍； 6.说明如何克服跨文化沟通的常见问题。 本章小结 * * This graph outlines the communication process between the sender and the receiver. The sender takes the message to be sent and encodes it either through verbal or written methods. They pass the message through the determined channel, and then it is handed off to the receiver who receives the message and decodes it. The process is hindered by noise or communication barriers such as the perceived message. Feedback is the check on how successful we were in passing the correct message to the receiver. * There are a few different channels of communication in the workplace. The first type is formal channels. These channels transmit messages that are related to the professional activities of the members, such as email, memos and planned speeches. The second type is informal channels, used to transmit personal or social messages. This channel is more spontaneous in nature and a result of individual choices such as who you eat lunch with. * In an organization communication flows in three different directions. It can flow downward from the top management to people in lower levels of the organization. It can flow up from workers on the ground floor to the CEO or it can flow between or within departments in a lateral movement. * As we looked at earlier, communication can move through different channels and take on different forms. * There is oral communication or the spoken word. This form of communication is quick and there is immediate feedback, the disadvantage is that the message can be distorted based on the sender and the receiver. * Written communication is another channel and one that is tangible and easy to go back to verify. Often when people put down their thoughts and ideas in written format they are more logical and clear. The problems are that it tak