尿素电氧化镍基阳极催化剂的研究进展-化工进展.PDF

化 工 进 展 ·926 · CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS 2017 年第 36 卷第 3 期 尿素电氧化镍基阳极催化剂的研究进展 边路路，杜庆阳，田晓录，杜婷婷，李明涛，杨伯伦 （西安交通大学化学工程与技术学院，陕西西安 710049 ） 摘要：近年来，尿素电氧化法处理富含尿素的工业废水和生活污水得到了广泛关注。在尿素电氧化过程中，催 化剂是决定尿素氧化效率和实用性的关键材料。非贵金属镍不但对尿素电氧化反应表现出较高的催化活性，而 且廉价易得，近年来成为研究热点。本文在简要介绍碱性环境中镍基催化剂氧化尿素机理的基础上，综述了最 近尿素电氧化催化剂的研究进展，并结合本课题组的工作从镍基金属催化剂、镍基氢氧化物催化剂、镍基氧化 物催化剂和负载型催化剂 4 个方面做了详细的评述。文中提出当前尿素电氧化催化剂存在催化活性较低、电流 密度较小、起始电位较高等问题，未来尿素电氧化催化剂将朝向改变镍基催化剂的形貌和组成等方向发展。 关键词：燃料电池；电化学；氧化；催化剂 中图分类号：TM911.4 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000 –6613 （2017 ）03 –0926 –08 DOI ：10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2017.03.021 Advances of Ni-based anode electrocatalysts for urea electrooxidation BIAN Lulu ，DU Qingyang ，TIAN Xiaolu ，DU Tingting ，LI Mingtao ，YANG Bolun （School of Chemical Engineering and Technology，Xi’an Jiaotong University ，Xi’an 710049 ，Shaanxi，China ） Abstract ：Recently ，the electrooxidation of urea-rich industrial wastewater and sanitary sewage has been widely studied owing to its convenient operation ，stable running and high efficiency. In the process of urea electrooxidation ，the catalyst is crucial to decides the feasibility and efficiency of the process. Among the multitudinous catalysts ，the non-noble metal nickel-based catalysts have gained much attention due to its high electrocatalytic activity，low cost and ample sources. In this review ，the research of Ni-based catalysts has been introduced based on the mechanism of urea electrooxidation on Ni-based catalysts in alkaline medium in the past twenty years. Furthermore ，the development of Ni-based metal catalysts ，Ni-based hydroxide catalysts ，Ni-based oxide catalysts and supported catalysts has been