四川大学绿色化学课件第二章.ppt

Prof. Chaojun Li, Presidential Award of Green Chemistry, 2000, U.S.A,  Canada Research Chair (Tier Ⅰ) in Green ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryMcGill University, Canada Micelle could be provided by varying the central atom and the ligand as well as the use of surfactants, thus the interface could be enlarged and the regional concentration of the reactants could be increased. By varying the structure of the micelle, the stero-structure of the product could also be controlled. Bi-phase catalysis using water as reaction medium Thus, mild reaction conditions, high activity and selectivity could be afforded for and the separation of organic phase and water phase becomes easy. Meanwhile, environmental pollution could be avoided. Bi-phase catalysis using water as reaction medium Example 2：The alkylation of benzene with ethylene Forming ethyl benzene Traditional way: AlCl3, BF3, HF were used as the catalysts Serious corrosion of the equipment Strict operation conditions Low yield Difficulties to eliminate HCl、RCl Difficulties of the separation of the catalyst and the products Waste water Hazardous HF used The use of phosphorus ZSM –5 molecular sieve overcomes the above shortcomings. Traditional way：Co-based catalyst, high pressure is needed Rh- or Pd-based water-soluble catalyst Bi-phase catalysis 2.6 Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry 1 3 5 7 9 11 2 4 6 8 10 12 1:It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it is formed (不让废物产生而不是让其生成后再处理) Normal cost： ⑴ starting material and reagent (intrinsic) ⑵ the treatment and disposal of chemicals Large chemical companies in U.S.: expenditures on research and development ≈expenditures on environmental health and safety The costs of dealing with hazardous substances, either through handling, treatment, or disposal, have continued to increase substantially. A criterion that is often assessed to calculate the need or desire for treatment or control of a chemical subst