肌肉结构—培训课件.pptVIP

Section 4 Muscle Contraction Classification of the Muscle According to the structure: Striated Muscle, Smooth Muscle According to the nerve innervation: Voluntary Muscle, Involuntary Muscle According to the Function: Skeletal Muscle, Cardiac muscle, Smooth Muscle Skeletal Muscle contraction under the control of CNS I : Signal Transmission Through the Neuromuscular Junction  Nerve Terminal:  transmittion Anticholinesterase Agents Anticholinesterase (anti-ChE) agents inhibit acetylcholinesterase （乙酰胆碱酯酶） prolong excitation at the NMJ Uses of anti-ChE agents Clinical applications (Neostigmine, 新斯的明, Physostigmine毒扁豆碱) Insecticides (organophosphate 有机磷酸酯) Nerve gas (e.g. Sarin 沙林，甲氟膦酸异丙酯。一种用作神经性毒气的化学剂)) Sarin and Aum Shinrikyo(奥姆真理教) Aum Shinrikyo(奥姆真理教) is a Japanese religious cult obsessed with the apocalypse （启示，天启）. The previously obscure group became infamous in 1995 when some of its members released deadly sarin nerve gas into the Tokyo subway system, killing 12 people and sending more than 5,000 others to hospitals. 东京地铁毒气案（1995年） “奥姆真理教” 造成12人死亡，14人终身残疾，5500多人受伤的惨剧 Sarin Sarin, which comes in both liquid and gas forms, is a highly toxic and volatile nerve agent developed by Nazi scientists in Germany in the 1930s. Chemical weapons experts say that sarin gas is 500 times more toxic than cyanide （氢化物） gas. II: Microstructure of  Skeletal Muscle Sarcolemma：肌管系统 Triad （三联管） Thin filament c. Troponin： 肌钙蛋白 Binds Ca2+; Thin filament Cross-bridge cycle Before : Myosin heads form cross bridges Myosin head is tightly bound to actin in rigor state Nothing bound to nucleotide binding site Before : ATP binds to myosin Myosin changes conformation, releases actin Cycle Begin :  1. ATP hydrolysis ATP is broken down into: ADP + Pi (inorganic phosphate) Both ADP and Pi remain bound to myosin Myosin head changes conformation Myosin head rotate