第十讲语法知识与科技翻译技术总结.pptVIP

如果说翻译过程中，因词汇量不大而频查词典只是影响进度和速度的话，那么脆弱的语法功底就会使译文错误百出。精确的译文必须依托语法，这是不争的事实，理清句子成分可以说是 语法分析的焦点问题。 （1）Friction can be considerably reduced and the life of the machine prolonged by careful lubrication. 仔细润滑机器，能大大减少摩擦，延长机器的寿命。 （2） A number of cars are already on the road powered by gas turbines. 若干由燃气涡轮机驱动的汽车已投入使用。 一、数量关系 主谓一致是语法的一项基本要求，同时它对科技翻译也有一定的提示作用。 （3）The first diesels were given the cream of the haulage assignments, on which they could display their continuous availability to the maximum advantage. 第一批内燃机车用来承担最重要的牵引任务，这样它们就能够将 连续运行的优点发挥到最大限度。 二、时态关系 科技翻译过程中应留心英语时态。 （4）It is no longer possible to allow the development of the full potentialities of the new metals to evolve over a period of about fifty years, as was the case with aluminium in the period between 1890 and 1949. 铝的潜力全部开发出来耗费了从1890到1949年大约50年的时间，而现在要把新金属的潜力全部开发出来则再也不需要50年那么漫长的时间了。 三、语态概念 语态概念淡薄也往往导致译者颠倒逻辑语义关系。 （5）In terms of numbers, the alliance today is outmanned, outgunned, outtanked and outplaned. 就数量而言，盟军在兵员、枪炮、坦克、飞机等配备方面都大大落后于人家。 四、照应关系 理解代词的指代内容时，需要仔细揣摩、认真推敲。 （6）Signalmen are responsible to the stationmaster of their station, or the nearest station if it is an intermediate. 信号员服从各自车站站长的领导，如果信号员所在的是一个中间小站，那么就服从最近车站站长的领导。 五、成分分析 句子成分分析也是科技翻译中运用很多的一种方法。 （7）Correct timing is of the utmost importance, and also extreme accuracy, down to a twenty-thousandth part of an inch, in the grinding of certain parts of the fuel injection pump and the vales. 校正定时的工作是极其重要的，而且高度精确性也是极其重要的，对喷油泵与气阀某些部件的研磨精密度应达到两万分之一英寸。 六、分隔结构 1. 主谓分隔 （8）Observation plays an important role in physics, but experiment, which consists in modifying circumstances or events with a view to making more valuable observations, plays a more important part 观察在物理学中起着重要的作用，但实验起的作用更为重要，因为实验可以不断地改变各种环境条件下或过程，以作出更有价值的观察。 2. 定心分隔 （9）Evaporation from the soil and transportation from vegetation are responsible for the direct return to the atmosphere of more than half the water which falls on the land. 土壤和植物的蒸发