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湍流基本原理
湍流
雷诺时均
切应力
湍流切应力
The mass flow rate of the fluid particle rising through dA
the decrease in the momentum of the upper fluid layer
the horizontal force acting on a fluid element above dA due to the passing of fluid particles through dA is
the shear force per unit area due to the eddy motion of fluid particles
can be viewed as the instantaneous turbulent shear stress
Reynolds方程
Boussinesq假设
eddy viscosity must be modeled as a function of the average flow variables
we call this eddy viscosity closure
混合长度
L. Prandtl
mixing length
Turbulent Velocity Profile
Viscous sublayer
friction velocity
law of the wall
it is found to satisfactorily correlate with experimental data for smooth surfaces for
Viscous sublayer
Viscous length
overlap layer
outer turbulent layer
velocity defect law
independent of the viscosity of the fluid
overall
one-seventh power-law velocity profile
Moody chart
Colebrook equation
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