物流学 9.ppt

INVENTORY FLOWS Safety stock can prevent against two problem areas Increased rate of demand Longer-than-normal replenishment When fixed order quantity system like EOQ is used, time between orders may vary When reorder point is reached, fixed order quantity is ordered * * CONTENTS * * CONTEMPORATY APPROACHES TO MANAGING INVENTORY ABC analysis Inventories are not of equal value to a firm 80/20 rules Measurement Sales volume in dollars/units The fasting-selling items Item profitability Item importance Percentage of items How it can be used? D – dogs or dead inventory * * CONTEMPORATY APPROACHES TO MANAGING INVENTORY Just-in-Time (JIT) approach Minimize inventory by reducing safety stock and by having the required amount of materials arrive at the production location at the exact time Smaller, more frequent orders Suppliers located close to their customers Trucking ECR/QR * * CONTEMPORATY APPROACHES TO MANAGING INVENTORY Vendor-managed inventory (VMI) Inventory taccking Bar code RFID * * CONTENTS * * INVENTORY MANAGEMENT: SPECIAL CONCERNS Complementary products Inventories that can be used or distributed together Intensify the pressures of inventory maintenance Amount of inventory to be carried Dead inventory Partial or full prepayment by the customer as well as a no return policy Drastic price reductions or bunching Auction / donate Throw away * * INVENTORY MANAGEMENT: SPECIAL CONCERNS Deals Unbalanced inventory with too many slow-moving items A deal involving a combination of desirable and less-desirable items Defining stock-keeping units(SKUs) Product Product variation or size Minimum lot size * * INVENTORY MANAGEMENT: SPECIAL CONCERNS Informal arrangements outside the distribution channel Repair and replacement parts Be essential to customer service but can be extremely difficult to forecast the demand Number of warehousing facilities Outsource Informal considerations * * INVENTORY MANAGEMENT: SPECIAL CONCERNS Reverse logistics Ret