研究方法讲座之一.ppt

Quantitative or qualitative？ 研究方法与论文写作系列讲座之一  研究方法系列讲座之一 Quantitative or qualitative ? Wang Dong, Ph.D. School of Foreign Languages Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China Question to ponder: What tasks does a research have to accomplish if a piece of research is conducted effectively? Outline 1. Quantitative and qualitative 2.Links between question and design 3. A mono-design or a mixed design? 4. Complexities in classifying designs 5. Summary 1. Quantitative and qualitative 1.1 Definitions: Quantitative research is empirical research where the data are in the form of numbers. Qualitative research is empirical research where the data are NOT in the form of numbers. Punch (1998:4) Both are primary research but they differ in the form of data. In contrast to quantitative data, qualitative data are narrative in most cases, if not in all. Critical feature: data form; numeric-narrative contrast; in numbers or in words. 实证研究和文献研究 Primary research Empirical research Data: first hand and original information (primary sources) Lived experiences Theory-oriented or practice-oriented Secondary research Documentary research Library research Data: in documents, books and journals (secondary sources) A review paper A term paper ① Primary research and secondary research can hardly be conducted in isolation. ② Secondary research can only exist based on primary research, while primary research must start with secondary research. ③ For your theses, you have to carry out primary research that is supported by secondary research. Classifications of research 研究分类 Quantitative or qualitative? For the former, its goal is to examine variables that have already been established in the literature and to see to what extent hypotheses regarding these variables can be confirmed or refuted; whereas for the latter, the aim is to identify variables for further research and