计算机科学选讲 第四章.pptVIP

Computer Science: an overview Content Network Fundamentals The Concept of Network Network Classification The Client/Server Model Distributed Systems The concept of Network Emerging of the Network The need to share information and resources among different computers has lead to linked computer systems, called networks. The characteristics of the Network In network, many small machine connected each other and user share resource such as printing capabilities, software packages, data storage facilities, and information. Network as a multiprocessor system Software for controlling a network can be viewed as a network-wide operating system. A network produces a multiprocessor system by combining machines, each of which may contain only one CPU generally Networks Classification Based on area or distance that a network covers Local Area Networks (LANs) A LAN normally consists of a collection of computers in a single building or building complex. Wide Area Networks( WANs) A WAN links machines that may be in neighboring cites or on opposite sides of the world. Networks Classification Based on ownership of network’s internal design Open Networks The network’s internal operation is based on designs that are in the public domain. Internet is an example of open network Closed (Proprietary) networks The network’s internal operation is based on innovation owned and controlled by a particular entity such as an individual or a corporations. The networks based on Novell’s products are examples of closed networks. Networks Classification Based on the topology of the network The Ring In which the machines are connected in a circular fashion (See figure 4.1a) The Bus In which the machines are connected to a common communication line called a bus. (See figure 4.1b) The Star In which one machines serves as a hub to which all other machines are connected. (See figure 4.1c) The irregular configuration In which the machines are connected in what appears to be a